72 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Vol.xv. 



The psychological staff at Camp Custer constantly informed officers concerning the intel- 

 lectual strength of their commands by means of comparative graphs, but was even more con- 

 spicuous by the quantity and quality of its statistical work on methods. Its reports ranged 

 from details of technique in giving and scoring tests to the larger revision of examination plans, 

 from " psychographs " of occupations to effect of typhoid inoculation, and were suggestive and 

 stimulating to the Division of psychology, Washington. 



Number enlisted men examined, 54,2S4; officers, 70. Total individual examinations, 2,004. 



CAMP DEVENS, MASS. 



About the 1st of October, 1917, Lieut. Foster reported for duty. Lieuts. Anderson, 

 English, and Metcalf reported at approximately the same time. Examining continued through- 

 out the fall of 1917, but in the winter of 1918 the entire staff, with the exception of Lieut. Met- 

 calf, reported for special training at Camp Greenleaf. This officer remained in charge until 

 June, 1918, when Capt. Hunter reported as chief examiner. Lieut. Scott reported in July. 

 The enlisted staff trained at Greenleaf consisted of Sergts. Tomlinson, Hitchcock, Wood, Stone, 

 Stein, and Finkelhor. 



The examining of the fall of 1917 has been reported elsewhere (pp. 14 f.) In the sum- 

 mer of 1918, with the increase in the staff, changes in procedure were inaugurated. Camp 

 examining was taken up so that all recruits reporting were examined. Alpha was given to men 

 who professed ability to read and write English. Early in August, orders were issued that 

 the psychological examination should precede the physical. A bulletin was issued by the 

 psychological staff on the range of intelligence for the different occupations needed in the Army. 

 Complete statement of the mental status of the Twelfth Division was prepared for use in 

 balancing mental strength of the different units. A report of special interest was prepared 

 on the geographic distribution of intelligence and illiteracy. 



The number of men and officers examined previous to April 27, 1918, was 21,397. Number 

 enlisted men after April 27, 48,978; officers, 1,053. Individual examinations after April 27, 

 2,886. 



CAMP DIX, N. J. 



The psychological staff reported at Camp Dix in September, 1917. Lack of examining 

 space prevented the examining of troops in large numbers before the end of November. From 

 the beginning of the work at Camp Dix to its close in December, 1918, the chief examiners were 

 Capt. Hayes, Lieut. Richmond, Capt. Berry, and Capt. DeVoss. As assistant examiners the 

 following were on duty for varying periods: Lieuts. Brigham, Richmond, Manuel, Harlan, 

 Doll, Farber, and Woodruff. The Greenleaf-trained enlisted men and noncommissioned 

 officers were Sergts. Ellis, Bernard, Campbell, Fisher; Corpls. Sweeting, Roloff, Fogelman, 

 Aitken, Veazie; and Pvts. Werner, Kornhauser, Edwards, Denton, Custer, Faulkner, and 

 Goldberg. 



The overcrowded condition of the camp prevented the assignment of a satisfactory building 

 for the major portion of the time. At the beginning of the work (p. 15) wards in the 

 base hospital were used. In the winter of 1918 the medical and psychological examining staffs 

 were moved to a temporary wooden structure previously used as a cafeteria by the construct- 

 ing contractors. This remained the headquarters of the physological staff until the close of 

 examining. 



At Camp Dix about 28 per cent of the draft was foreign-born and about 20 per cent negro. 

 To avoid excessively large beta groups, standards for admission to examination alpha were 

 set low — ability to read and write English and completion of third grade for white men and 

 fifth grade for negroes. Men making below 10 (weighted score alpha) were reported as illiterate. 

 Time was saved in the beta room by having the headings of the beta blanks filled out by clerks 

 in the scoring room as the group passed out. Groups were held while low booklets were picked 

 by inspection and scored; E men were immediately sent on to further examination, to the 

 capacity of the staff; the remainder were listed for recall. In June it was found impossible to 

 recall a thousand men listed for individual examination. In July alpha failures among negroes 



