78 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [vol. xv, 



alpha was on the basis of ability to read and write. (The psychological examining board was 

 made the final authority on literacy in Camp Jackson, and made a literacy report concerning 

 each man examined.) No recalls were made from alpha to beta; failures in each or men who 

 were observed to be doing little or nothing dining group examination were, in rush periods, (as 

 in July, when 60 per cent of the negro draft failed on group examination) handled as follows: 

 Twelve men were trained to give seven of the tes ts of years X and XII of the Stanf ord-Binet scale, 

 and all who showed a mental age of 10 years were passed; the remainder received regular indi- 

 vidual examination. The procedure was carefully worked out and received the approval of 

 the inspector. Even with this abbreviation, several hundred failures were missed in June. 



By camp order no examination could be made within 48 hours after inoculation. September 

 1, psychological examination was placed before inoculation, but was still preceded by the physical 

 examination and personnel interview. During the physical examination, the psychiatrist sent 

 doubtful cases for psychological examination; during psychological examination, men recom- 

 mended for psychiatric examination were sent directly to that board. Cooperation was good. 

 Lists of the men recommended for labor or development battalion were sent twice a day to 

 psychiatrist, personnel officer, and commanding officers. Ratings were reported in 12 to 24 

 hours and were entered on qualification card and on a special "overseas slip" attached to 

 service record. No transfer could be made until psychological and literacy ratings had been 

 received. 



Aside from routine examining the staff rendered excellent and varied service. The staff 

 conducted examinations of aviators; the chief examiner became a member of the aviators 

 examining board. Special educational examinations were standardized for the Field Artillery Re- 

 placement Depot. Capt. Ash rendered valuable service in the development brigade. No illit- 

 erate could be transferred from this brigade until he could make D on examination alpha; no 

 transfer was made into the brigade without both medical and psychological examination. The 

 whole educational program was under the direction of the camp psychologist. 



After September, when the depot brigade moved to Camp Sevier, there was no labor bat- 

 talion, but it was ordered that all men recommended for labor should be assigned to such work. 

 All prisoners in Camp Jackson were examined. 



The commanding general ordered that no men with grades less than D should be trans- 

 ferred to artillery replacement regiments. Batteries were, in a number of instances, organized 

 by platoons, according to intelligence. The progress of the men was indicated by transfer 

 from the lower platoons to those more advanced in their training. Those failing to learn with 

 sufficient rapidity in the poorest platoons were finally transferred to the supply company or 

 to development battalions. 



A most interesting study was the preparation of substitute alpha and beta examinations 

 during a shortage of blanks. The ingenious alpha, requiring only pencil and blank paper, was 

 successfully used during the emergency; beta was less successful. 



Number enlisted men examined, 95,594; officers, 3,402. Total individual examinations, 

 6,257. 



CAMP KEARNY, CALIF. 



Lieut. Houser reported as chief examiner in April, 1918. Sergt. Rollins reported from 

 Camp Greenleaf in June; Sergt. Doe in August; Pvt. Ruch, from Fort McDowell, in August; 

 and Sergt. Hauck and Corp. Wills, from Camp Greenleaf, in October. Only one officer was 

 ever stationed at this camp. 



This was a tent camp, hence no two-story buildings were available for psychological service. 

 Part of the time the psychological board used mess hall, but the major portion of its office work 

 was done in a tent which also served as a storeroom. This tent was well located in the point of 

 view of accessibility but wholly unsuited to office work. 



Very few negroes and, except in the June draft, few illiterates and foreigners were sent to 

 Camp Kearny. Alpha and beta groups were separated on the basis of ability to read, write, 

 and speak English, and completion of the fifth grade. The recall system was used with failures. 



