no. i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 79 



Intelligence ratings were entered on qualification cards and on service records, and were thor- 

 oughly utilized. 



Lack of assistance also hindered effective work. Emphasis was placed upon studies to 

 determine the significance of mental examinations in relation to men considered best and 

 poorest in the different companies and organizations and upon examination of special groups 

 in order that additional information should be available on the level of intelligence suitable 

 for different branches of the service. A large chart was prepared at the request of the chief of 

 staff for his office, giving the information obtained from the above studies. Orders were issued 

 that the organization of units should be based upon occupational data and intelligence ratings. 

 The statistical unit of the psychological staff took full charge of the assignment of men from 

 the draft to existing organizations in the camp. From Camp Kearny was received the first 

 extensive report on the comparison of officers' ratings and alpha scores as determined for differ- 

 ent branches of the service. 



Number enlisted men examined, 18,510; officers, 411. Total individual examinations, 436. 



CAMP LEE, VA. 



Psychological examining began at Camp Lee in September, 1917. The chief examiners 

 for the entire period of examining were Lieuts. Yoakum, Hunter, and Ferguson. Assistant 

 examiners for the period of examining were Lieuts. Jones, Bates, and Otis. Noncommissioned 

 officers and privates trained at Greenleaf were Sergt. first class Folsom, Sergt. Rawlson, Corpls. 

 Greenberg and Leach, and Pvts. Lincoln, Cowdery, Amdursky, and Myrick. 



Experimental examining during the fall and winter has been described in detail elsewhere. 

 In April, 1918, the continual moving of psychological headquarters ended in the assignment 

 of a building near the center of the camp and near camp headquarters for this work. 



The proportion of negroes and of native and foreign illiterates was high at Camp Lee. 

 Segregation for alpha was on the basis of abfiity to read newspapers and write letters home. 

 During the first part of the examination, men obviously failing were sent to join the beta group. 



Group but not individual examinations preceded the physical examination, and were 

 reported in from 6 to 24 hours. A list of D men was sent within six hours after the group 

 examination to the clerk at the mustering office. As the men appeared this clerk marked on 

 the body of each D man a letter P ; then the psychiatrist, if he considered the man at all doubtful, 

 had him examined by the psychologist in attendance. Later all marked men were examined 

 individually at this point in the process. This plan eliminated recalls, and presented the intelli- 

 gence rating as a partial basis for immediate rejection rather than later discharge. 



Distinctive work at Camp Lee was the abbreviation of Stanford-Binet and Performance 

 Scales and the preparation of a set of reading lessons for the English classes. 



Previous to April 27, 1918, 44,338 officers and men were examined. After April 27, the 

 number of enlisted men examined was 82,071 ; of officers, 370. Number of individual exami- 

 nations made after April 27 was 3,008. 



CAMP LEWIS, WASH. 



Lieut. Brueckner was chief examiner at Camp Lewis. He and Lieut. English reported in 

 April, 1918. From Camp Greenleaf, Sergts. Kolstad and Woody and Corpl. Heller reported as 

 assistant examiners. Sergts. Howard and Teachout were reported by voluntary induction to 

 assist in the examining work at Camp Lewis. 



The budding was a large barracks budding situated some distance from the center of the 

 camp but near the mustering office and receiving office. The upper floor was divided into a 

 number of separate rooms for individual examining. Facilities for group and individual exam- 

 ining were therefore unusually satisfactory. 



Conditions and procedure at Camp Lewis were unusual in more ways than one. The draft 

 was mainly white, and unusually intelligent and well educated. Nowhere else was the original 

 scheme of examination so closely followed. Men who could read and write were given alpha; 



