no. i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 83 



Excellent relations with the development battalion were established at its inception, when 

 psychological board was called on to decide immediately the fitness for overseas duty of 359 

 low-grade men rejected by their commanders. Rush methods were adopted for the emergency 

 and acceptable recommendations made. Recommendation of the psychological board was 

 thereafter made a prerequisite to transfer to the development battalion for mental deficiency 

 or inaptitude. The staff was too small to undertake educational work in the battalion. The 

 chief examiner, together with one representative each of the camp surgeon and the camp per- 

 sonnel adjutant, constituted a board with authority to act on all cases of misfit arising in the 

 camp. 



On November 1 a complete mental survey -of the Twentieth Division as constituted at that 

 time had been finished. For every organization the proportion of men of each intelligence grade 

 was tabulated. All cooperative arrangements with the camp personnel officer were completed 

 so that with the arrival of the expected draft on November 1 1 the assignment of recruits would 

 have been governed by the aim of balancing in mental strength all coordinate organizations. 

 This appeared especially desirable as the draft would have come in about equal proportion from 

 Louisiana and Massachusetts. ; 



Study of negro examining was undertaken at Camp Sevier; comparison of negro perform- 

 ance in each alpha and beta test with that of white men of equal mental age and study of 

 individual scales to discover tests particularly easy or hard for negroes were the main lines of 

 this work. 



Number enlisted men examined, 24,130; officers, 9. Total individual examinations, 2,344. 



CAMP SHELBY, ALA. 



Capt. Rowe was sent to Camp Shelby as chief examiner in May, 1918. Lieuts. Breit- 

 wieser and Hood reported as assistant examiners later in the month. These examiners remained 

 on duty until July. In November Capt. Pedrick reported to reorganize psychological ex- 

 amining; Sergt. Simon, Corp. Tyson, and Pvt. Rosenberry reported as assistants. 



The number of men examined during the first period of examining was 6,080, and the 

 number of individual examinations made was 64. 



CAMP SHERIDAN, ALA. 



Capt. Hunter reported for duty as chief examiner hi March; Capt. Dallenbach reported 

 in April and later became chief at this camp. Lieut. Clark reported in October. Sergt. Emme- 

 rich and Corp. Rickard were the only Greenleaf trained assistants. Other enlisted men were 

 permanently assigned from camp organizations. 



No permanent building was assigned to psychological staff at this camp. 



Men who could read and write English fairly well were given examination alpha ; later the 

 requirement of six years' schooling was added to reduce the 9 per cent who had to be recalled 

 to beta. All negroes were given examination beta; only the poorest received individual exam- 

 ination. 



Practically the entire Thirty-seventh Division was examined before it went overseas. Most 

 men coming into camp were already organized and were secured for examination through their 

 commanding officers. The white draft was examined before, and the negro draft after, the 

 physical examination. Group examination results were reported within 24 hours and indi- 

 vidual examinations within 5 to 10 days after group examination. Intelligence ratings were 

 entered on service records and qualification cards. Finally no transfer from camp was per- 

 mitted without such record. 



Cooperative relations were established with personnel officers, psychiatrists, commanding 

 officers, development battalion and judge advocate, and the use of psychological ratings was 

 extensive. 



All officers were examined, by order of the camp commander. Psychological ratings were 

 found valuable in considering applicants for the fourth officers' training camp. The following 

 rules were established concerning assignment of negro recruits: the highest 5 per cent were 



