no.i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 87 



CAMP WHEELER, GA. 



Capt. Poffenberger reported as chief examiner in April. On account of his serious illness, 

 Lieut. Marcus acted as chief examiner until the arrival of Capt. Richmond, in October. Sergts. 

 Hoffer, Springstun, Bishop, Fromuth, Corps. West and Peppel, and Pvts. Zoellner and Neifekl 

 were the assistant examiners who had received training in military psychology at Camp Greenleaf . 



Office, scoring room, and storerooms were in an old mess-hall building. Accommodations 

 at this camp were probably the poorest to be found. 



Examination alpha was given to those who had completed the fifth (later the sixth) grade, 

 and who could read and write Enghsh. On the later basis there were 0.5 per cent D- grades on 

 alpha. These were recalled for individual examination. Negroes were not reexamined after 

 beta unless they failed to make a (weighted) score of 20. The abbreviated Point Scale was 

 chiefly used. Twenty per cent of the limited service draft at this camp required individual 

 examination. 



The examination program finally worked out was as follows: Psychological examination 

 f ollowed within an hour after inoculation for influenza. The recruit then went before the medical 

 examining board with which there were two or three psychologists. Intelligence rating on 

 group examination was reported on the temporary identification card; D- cases were at this 

 point given individual examination by the psychologists present, and mental age considered 

 with other causes for rejection. At the personnel interview later, the recruit had with him quali- 

 fication card, service record, and temporary identification card, and the intelligence rating was 

 recorded by a detail from the psychological staff on both qualification card and service record. 



It was ordered here that all officers should take psychological examination on arrival at 

 camp. Men in the development battalion were classified on the basis of intelligence ratings. 

 Psychological scores were used in routine fashion as a basis for classification of negroes into 

 those suited for regular duty overseas and those suited for labor battalions overseas. It was 

 the policy of the neuro-psychiatric board in this camp to assign to regular military training 

 all except very low grade cases. 



Number enlisted men examined, 32,299; officers, 689. Total individual examinations, 



2,301. 



RELATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TO PSYCHIATRIC SERVICE. 



From the first the chief of the division of neuro-psychiatry encouraged the development 

 of psychological service and in every feasible way facilitated the work of the staff of the section of 

 psychology. It was understood that during the period of official trial of methods of psy- 

 chological examining in army cantonments, psychological and psychiatric officers would cooperate 

 as opportunity offered, but no definite instructions were given to the latter by the Medical 

 Department. Psychologists, on the other hand, were urged to assist medical officers so far as 

 possible without sacrificing the immediate demand for thorough trial of the value of psycholog- 

 ical methods. It was provided that psychologists should report low grade and ' ' irregular ' ' 

 cases to psychiatric officers and examine for the latter all cases which were referred for mental 

 age or other type of descriptive report. 



Following the official inspection of psychological examining and the decision of the War 

 Department to extend this work to the entire Army, the chief of the division of neuro-psychiatry 

 requested that definite instructions concerning the relations of these two kinds of work be for- 

 mulated and issued to all officers concerned. The result of this request and of conferences 

 between Maj. Bailey and Maj. Yerkes was the formulation, under date of February 2, 1918, 

 of the following instructions "to promote cooperation and increase the efficiency of the psycho- 

 logical and neuro-psychiatric services." 



PROVISION FOK COORDINATION OP PSYCHIATRIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS IN DIVISIONAL TRAINING CAMPS. 



It is agreed between the Division of Psychology and the Division of Neuro-psychiatry — 



(1) That psychiatric survey of organizations shall be made in conjunction with psychological survey. 



(2) That for this purpose psychiatric examiners shall be present at group psychological examinations, to observe 

 the behavior and appearance of soldiers. It is further provided that the work of the psychiatrist shall not interfere with 

 the proper conduct of psychological examination. 



