no. i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 95 



August 31. — Authorization for appointments and promotions in the psychological service 

 again requested by the Surgeon General on the ground of previous misunderstanding of the 

 purposes and values of psychological examining and the demands created by General Orders, 

 No. 74. 



October 1. — Request for psychological personnel approved by War Department. 



October 1 to November 11. — Recommendations for new appointments and promotions in the 

 Sanitary Corps, Division of Psychology, transmitted by the Division of Psychology. 



November. — Arrangements made with Surgeon General Ireland for the completion of 

 psychological examining and the transfer of officers of this service to general hospitals for assist- 

 ance with the work of physical and mental reconstruction. 



December, 1918, to January, 1919. — Plans perfected by the Division of Psychology 



and approved by the Surgeon General for the analysis of results of psychological examination 



of one and three-quarter million soldiers and for the preparation of complete official report 



concerning this service. 



1919. 



January 23. — Psychological service as organized during the operation of the draft 

 discontinued and the appointment of two civilian psychologists to prepare methods and 

 keep them up to date ordered by the Adjutant General of the Army. 



April 1. — Official report on the history and organization of psychological examining in the 

 United States Army completed for publication. 



April 8. — Psychological examination of enlisted men received at overseas replacement 

 depot, Camp Meade, ordered, and Surgeon General directed to supply necessary personnel. 



April 19. — Section of Psychology ordered by the War Department to prepare suitable 

 method of psychological examination for illiterates and non-English-speaking citizens and 

 aliens. 



April 25. — Official report on methods of psychological examining used in the United States 

 Army completed for publication. 



May 19. — Action of January 23 rescinded. The Surgeon General, directed by The Adjutant 

 General, to retain in active service during the emergency two psychologists on military status. 



July 1. — Official report on statistical results of psychological examining in the United 

 States Army completed for publication. 



July 18. — Recruit psychological examination submitted to the War Department for use 

 in examining illiterates and non-English-speaking applicants for enlistment. 



Section 2. — Favorable and unfavorable influences. 



The achievements and failures in the service of examining can not be thoroughly understood 

 or appreciated without knowledge of the favorable and unfavorable circumstances or condi- 

 tions of work. The listing of these circumstances is also in the nature of a summary of this 

 historical record. 



Distinctly in favor of the work of mental testing are: 



(a) The intelligent and active interest of various individuals and committees of the 

 National Research Council. 



(b) The sympathetic interest of Surgeon General William C. Gorgas and of many mem- 

 bers of his staff. 



(c) The interest also and the progressively favorable attitude of the Secretary of War and 

 his assistants. 



(d) The unexpectedly favorable results of the initial trial of methods in the Army and the 

 Navy, leading as a matter of course to the recommendation of methods for official trial. 



(e) Similarly favorable result of official trial in four cantonments. 



(/) The strongly favorable report of official inspection of the initial work. Col. Henry A. 

 Shaw, the inspector for the medical department, developed a keen personal interest in the 



