114 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [Vol.xv, 



(c) To provide for grade3 for all psychologists, commissioned and enlisted, commensurate with their ability and 

 training, compared to grades given in other branches of the service. 



(d) To conduct schools of instruction for all officers so that they may be able fully to understand the value of 

 mental tests, and how they may make use of all psychological ratings given. 



(e) To provide more adequate quarters for psychological service. 



REPLY (INDORSEMENT) PROM COMMANDING OFFICER OP CAMP SHERMAN. 



[This reply invites attention to a report from the Camp Surgeon, which deals fully with the psychological activities 

 at this camp. The report is too long for reproduction here, but the principal points may be given. 



The report submits that "the variety of psychological service is an unqualified indorsement of its great value." 

 Psychological ratings are effectively used (1) by the examining board for candidates for officers' training schools who 

 use the ratings as "the most reliable index" of a candidate; (2) in officers' training schools for the elimination of men 

 of average intelligence; (3) in the usual manner for draftees; (4) in the camp of conscientious objectors, where the rating 

 indicates the manner of treatment required for the man, whether, as intelligent, he can be reasoned with, or, as less 

 intelligent, he must be dealt with more autocratically; (5) in the development battalion schools in connection with 

 organization, the selection of teachers, and the classification of students; (6) at the base hospital for both officers and 

 enlisted men; (7) among the medical personnel of the camp, both officers and enlisted men; (S) in the Army Nurse 

 Corps and (9) in the Student Army Nurse Corps for the selection of nurses; (10) with questionable women engaged in 

 commercialized vice, whose responsibility and disposition require determination; (11) in the advance examination of 

 prospective Y. M. C. A. workers; (12) in the examination of prisoners and drug addicts; (13) in constant cooperation 

 with the psychiatrists in the determination of defectives and psychotic cases; and (14) in the examination of men in 

 the Student Army Training Corps in institutions adjacent to camp. " There is no line of activity of major importance 

 that has not called upon the psychological service for assistance. This assistance has been of such direct help and of 

 such tried value, that the psychological service will be demanded with ever increasing insistence." 



The report makes some further suggestion in line with increasing the scope of psychological work and incloses a 

 detailed report upon the manner in which the treatment of conscientious objectors is based upon the intelligence of 

 the men as determined by the psychological examination.] 



REPLY (INDORSEMENT) FROM COMMANDING OFFICER OP CAMP WHEELER. 



Psychological examinations have proven very useful in this camp. The results of these examinations have been 

 used in numerous ways, and have separated, for instance, the combatant from the noncombatant colored troops by 

 means of this test, using as a standard the mentality of a 10-year-old white child as a mimimum of intelligence necessary 

 for fighting troops. In the general assignment of 17,000 men received in this camp during May and June, after first 

 assigning the specialists, we used the psychological test as a basis for an even distribution of the men according to 

 intelligence, so that no unit should receive an undue proportion of men of low mentality. 



Section 5. — Varieties of j)sycliological service. 



The services which are listed and briefly described below were rendered by psychologists 

 under the direction of the Division of Psychology of the Surgeon General's Office. The problem 

 of the division, as originally conceived, was to provide for the examination of recruits at the 

 larger camps in this country and to report the results of examination to organization 

 commanders, medical officers, and personnel adjutants for their use and information. Soon, 

 however, other originally incidental services were introduced. The preceding sections have out- 

 lined the principal service and touched upon some auxilliary services. (See especially Chap- 

 ter 3, section 6, and section 4 of this chapter.) It is now the intention more systematically to 

 outline the auxilliary services which ultimately came to be rendered to a variety of authorities 

 and for a variety of purposes. 



SERVICES TO ORGANIZATION COMMANDERS. 



After psychological examination an alphabetical list of the men of an organization with 

 their corresponding grades was made on special report blanks (see Report of Psychological 

 Examination, p. 290). When possible, in divisional training camps, this report was delivered 

 in person and discussed with the company commander by psychological officers. In some 

 camps arrangements were made at an early date whereby psychological grades thus reported 

 should be entered upon service records under "Remarks." At other camps this practice was 

 forbidden until a final ruling from The Adjutant General of the Army was obtained which defi- 

 nitely permitted such entry. A mimeographed explanation of grades and scores (see p. 424) 

 was attached to all reports. When the reports were not delivered personally conferences of 

 ah officers of the regiment were sometimes held. Explanatory talks were usually made when 

 officers or officers' training camp students were themselves being examined. 



