No.i.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 119 



This possesses the following value in the instruction of the rifleman: 



(a) It enables the instructor to see the errors in breathing and aiming at once. 



(b) It enables the rifleman to see his own errors. 



(c) It enables both instructor and rifleman to see when those errors have been corrected. 



(d) Prom the foregoing it enables the instructor to decide when the recruit is proficient in aiming, breathing, and 

 trigger squeezing, and prepared to pass on to instruction in firing the rifle. 



(e) A practical test in breathing and trigger pull may be prescribed and determined by means of this device. 



At Camp Upton formal tests of ability to understand and speak the English language were 

 developed for the purpose of determining what men could not grasp (without special training in 

 language) instruction in military drill. The tests gave measures of ability in five grades on a 

 scale from to 45 in the individual test and from to 30 in the group test. The individual 

 examination involved verbal answers to a set of questions graded in difficulty, and upon per- 

 formance of directions similarly graded. In the group examination the score depended upon the 

 following of graded directions in connection with a series of pictures. The individual examina- 

 tion required on the average about 5 minutes, and the group test about 10 minutes. 



At Camp Sherman certain tests to assist in selection were suggested by the chief psycho- 

 logical examiner and made part of the qualifications of enlisted men considered for intelligence 

 work. Beside the psychological test those adopted were suited to measure discrimination of 

 minute movements, localization of light, and deductive reasoning. 



At Camp Jackson the chief psychological examiner assisted in the standardization of 

 educational tests used to measure progress and ability in the Field Artillery Replacement Depot. 

 When the armistice came he was engaged, by request of the commanding general, in developing 

 further tests for the special selection and measurement of artillerists. 



MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES. 



Minor services too numerous to mention were rendered by the Division to governmental 

 and civilian agencies concerned either directly or indirectly with the war, and to industrial and 

 educational institutions, in order that the practical values of methods of mental measurement 

 might be widely demonstrated and the methods rapidly perfected. In return for these services 

 the Division of Psychology received valuable assistance from many sources in accumulating data 

 for the revision of methods and the evaluation of results. 



