No. 1.] 



PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



139 



(g) The judge said to the prisoner, "You are to be hanged, and I hope it will be a warning to you." 



(h) Frank and his sister brush their teeth every morning. Once Frank made a mistake and brushed his teeth with 

 his sister's brush. This made his sister very angry, and she got even with him by brushing her teeth with his brush. 



(i) The main difference between a president and a king is that a king sits on a throne, while a president sits on a 

 chair. 



(j) They began the meeting at two o'clock, but they set the hands of the clock back so that the meeting might 



surely close before sunset. 



Test N, controlled association (rimes.). 



Materials. — List of words, given below. 



Directions. — (a) Examiner says, "You know whata rime is. 'Hat,' 'rat,' and 'cat' rime because they sound alike. 

 'Unite,' 'light,' and 'anthracite' also rime with one another because they all end in 'ite.' (Pronounce.) Now I'll give 

 you a word and you will have one minute to tell me as many words as you can — short, words or long words — that rime 

 with it. The word is — examiner gives word (a) of series selected for use. Tell me all the words you can think of that 

 rime with ." 



Scoring. — Write down as many of the responses as possible and record the number of right and wrong responses given 

 within the time limit. 



Time of work, 1 minute for each part. 



(6) "Tell me all the words you can think of that rime with ." Examiner gives word (b) of same series, 



taking care to stress the last syllable only; e. g., permit'. 



Series 1. 



(a) stone. 



(b) permit. 



(c) resist. 



Series 2. 

 (a) load. 



(b) without. 



(c) receive. 



Series 3. 



(a) pan. 



(b) until. 



(c) desire. 



Series 4. 

 (a) fear. 

 (6) unwrap, 

 (c) began. 



Series 5. 



(a) pour. 



(b) combine. 



(c) severe. 



Test 0, likenesses and differences. 

 Directions. — Examiner Eelects one of the five series and gives its 10 items in the order in which they come in the 



"Guide." When a difference is asked for, the formula is, "What is the difference between and ?" 



When a likeness is asked for, the formula is, " In what way are and alike?" 



If a likeness is given when a difference is asked for (or vice versa), examiner says, "No, tell me the difference 



between and " (Or, "Tell me how and are alike.") Only in such cases is a second trial 



given, but a correction spontaneously offered is accepted. If the meaning of a response is not clear, examiner says, 

 "What do you mean?" No other questioning is permissible. If subject hesitates to attempt a response he should be 

 encouraged. 



Scoring. — Each item should be scored 4- or — . Half credits are not allowed. For items (a) to (h) of each series, 

 any real likeness (or difference) is satisfactory; it need not be the most essential one. The standard of scoring corre- 

 sponds to that employed in current Binet procedure. 



Item (i) is passed only if an essential likeness is given, though it need not be elegantly expressed. The essential 

 similarities called for in the (i) items are considered to be as follows: 

 coal — a waterfall; sources of power, heat, or electricity. 



addition-^multiplication; multiplication a short method of addition; both accomplish the same thing, etc. 

 eye — ear; both sense organs, avenues of information, etc. 

 egg — seed; beginning of development; or a sex product. 

 farm— factory ; places where things are produced. 



The scoring of item (j) is analogous to that for Binet's test of giving differences between abstract words. 

 For president — king, any one of the three main differences (power, accession, tenure) is acceptable. 

 When possible, the response should be recorded, in abbreviated form. When a response can not be graded 



definitely as + or — , examiner should say, "In what other way are and alike (different)." 



If a difference is given when a likeness is asked for, examiner writes (d). If a likeness is given when a difference 

 is asked for, this is indicated by (l). 



(N. B. — Attention is called to the possible significance of difficulty caused subject by the shift of Aufgabe from 

 giving likenesses to giving differences, or vice versa.) 



Series 1. 

 (N. B. — In all the series differences are indicated by an *.) 

 *(a) What is the difference between a cannon and a rifle? 

 (6) In what way are a hat and a coat alike? 

 (c) In what way are a hoe and a razor alike? 

 *(d) What, is the difference between a hatchet and a hammer? 

 (e) In what way are a rose, a potato, and a tree alike? 

 (/) In what way are a table, a chair, and a bed alike? 

 *(g) What is the difference between a president and a king? 

 (h) In what way are a cat, a snake, a bird, and a fish alike? 

 (i) In what way are the eye and the ear alike? 

 *(j) What is the difference between character and. reputation? 



