No. 2.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



365 



At the same camp E. A. Doll arranged three construction tests for group use. 



(a) Cube -test: A 2-inch cube, painted all over, and eight 1-inch cubes, painted on three 

 sides that form a corner. The small cubes are to be built up to resemble the model. 



(&) A picture construction test. A picture postcard cut in eight pieces is to be reassembled. 



(c) A picture postcard cut in 12 pieces is to be reassembled. Each test is scored for time 

 to complete task. 



The test was given to 185 inmates of the Jeffersonville Reformatory whose Stanford-Binet 

 mental ages were known. The correlations with mental age were as follows: Cube test, 0.44; 

 8-piece picture, 0.43; 12-piece picture, 0.49. The mental ages ranged from 8 to 16. The fol- 

 lowing intercorrelations were found: Cube and 8-piece picture, 0.53; cube and 12-piece picture, 

 0.55 ; the two pictures, 0.68. 



Camp Lee. — The psychological examiners at Camp Lee devised a complete group perform- 

 ance scale consisting of 15 tests. It was entirely a pencil and paper test. The test items 

 were all arranged, the drawings made, and the procedure fully denned; but owing to the 

 fact that the beta test devised at Camp Devens somewhat preceded it, it was never put to 

 trial as a scale. Certain of the tests and ideas, however, were incorporated in the beta scale 

 as finally adopted. The plan of the Lee scale is as follows: 



(1) The scale should be one that would serve as a measure as nearly as possible comparable 

 with group examination a, but so arranged that the instructions would require the use of no 

 language whatever except the words "go ahead," "stop," and "attention." (2) Responses 

 should involve only marking with a cross, writing the correct number in the correct place, 

 and simple drawing. (3) The 15 tests were to be tried out, the most promising ones mod- 

 ified as results might indicate to be desirable, and the least satisfactory ones eliminated. 



Space does not permit the reproduction of the drawings and blanks, but a fair idea may 

 be gained of the tests from the following verbal descriptions : 



Test 1. Manikin test: The picture of a human trunk with the head, arms, and legs detached. 

 The latter are pictured at one side of the page, each with a number under it. The subject 

 places the appropriate number at the appropriate place on the trunk to indicate where each 

 member belongs. Similarly for the picture of a cat with head, leg, and tail detached. 



Test 2. Mutilated pictures. (The beta test, later adopted and known as the picture com- 

 pletion test.) This included among others the following pictures: The four Binet mutilated 

 pictures; a man with a leg missing; a table with a leg missing; a pitcher with a handle missing; 

 a gun without a trigger; a child carrying an umbrella that has no handle; a baseball batter 

 in striking position with no bat in his hand; a clock face with one hand missing; a baby 

 carriage without handles ; an automobile without steering gear ; a locomotive without a smoke- 

 stack ; a telephone without a receiver, etc. 



Test 3. Detection of similarities: On the left side of the page, arranged in a column, are 

 10 geometrical figures of different shapes, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on consecutively from 

 top to bottom. On the right side of the page, also arranged in a column, are the same figures, 

 but in a mixed-up order. The subject is required to find the figure on the right side of the 

 page which is like figure 1 at the left and draw a figure "1" in it; he then does the same for 

 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. 



Test 4. Detection of differences: On the left side of the page, arranged in a column, are 

 various pictures and drawings of different degrees of complexity. On the right side of the 

 page, opposite a given picture on the left, are two pictures side by side. One of these is an 

 exact duplicate of the picture or form on the left; the other resembles it, but is somewhat 

 different. The subject is required to mark that one of the two pictures on the right which is 

 exactly like the one on the left. Among the pictures and forms on the left are a postage stamp, 



