366 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. rv OL . xv, 



a triangle with a dot in one corner, an octagon, the number 13674, a cube, a man's face, two 

 books, a quarter dollar, a penny, an alarm clock. 



Test 5. Situation test: Seventeen sets of pictures, each set being made up as follows: The 

 first picture of the set represents a situation or object. To the right of it are five small pictures, 

 one of which, and one only, is obviously related to the first picture. The subject is required 

 to mark that one of the five small pictures which is associated with (which "belongs with") 

 the first picture at the left. The following are sample series: "Situation picture" — a holdup 

 man pointing a pistol at a victim, who is holding up his hands. To the right are the following 

 pictures: A base ball, a catcher in action, a young woman, a boy with a toy gun, a policeman 

 with a club, and a Chinaman. Obviously, it is the policeman who is associated with the 

 "situation picture." In another set, at the left, is the picture of a lock; to the right, pictures 

 of an ink bottle, an envelope, a watch, a key, and a basket. In another set the "situation 

 picture" is an envelope without a stamp. To its right are pictures of a fork, a barrel, a postage 

 stamp, an alarm clock, and a pick. In another set, the "situation picture " shows a woman 

 standing in front of a cook stove, while to the right are the pictures of a slate, a stew pan, a 

 wheel, a sled, and a shoe. 



Test 6. Picture completion test: A modification of the Healy picture completion test. 1 

 Numbered squares take the place of the inset in the original Healy test, and mixed up among 

 36 small pictures at the right are the pictures which would complete the numbered missing parts 

 of the main picture. The subject is required to find the correct picture for a given blank square 

 and to write on it the number corresponding to that in the square. 



Test 7. Substitution test: Taken without modification from the Woodworth- Wells series. 2 



Test 8. The symbol-digit test: Taken from the Pyle 3 series without modification. 



Test 9. Counting backward: On the page are 20 small rectangles arranged in a row. The 

 subject begins at the right, and proceeding from right to left, writes in the successive rectangles 

 the numbers 20, 19, 18, 17, etc. 



Test 10. Memory span; digits forward: Given as in group examination a, beginning with 

 two digits and ending with eight. 



Test 11. Memory span; digits backward: Like test 10, except that the subject is expected 

 to begin at the right-hand square and write the last digit first; then, in the next square to it, 

 the next to the last digit, etc. It apparently was not observed by those who devised this test 

 that the subject might write the numbers in direct order without detection. The same objec- 

 tion holds for test 9. 



Test 12. Drawing designs from copy: Designs used: Square, diamond, square inside of 

 square, and five-pointed star. 



Test 13. Position test: The subject is given a sheet of paper on which are printed 17 

 squares, each approximately 1£ inches on the side and subdivided into 36 smaller squares. 

 The subject is shown a chart containing a large square similarly subdivided, with the figure 

 1 in some of the subdivisions. The subject's task is to place a figure 1 on his paper wherever 

 it occurred on the chart. Seventeen charts are shown. 



Test 14. Imitation test: A paper modification (by T. L. Kelley) of the Knox cube test. 4 

 A chart is shown containing two rows of dots, four dots in each, to be used as samples. Two 

 trials are given in which the examiner draws chalk lines connecting various dots, leaving the 

 demonstration in sight while the men draw similar lines connecting the dots on their papers. 

 For the remaining trials the demonstration consists in merely indicating lines of connection 

 by means of a pointer. 



Test 15. Cube analysis: A test of counting rows and piles of cubes in a picture. The 

 test contains 13 parts. In modified form it became test 2 in the beta scale finally adopted. 



There can be no doubt that a useful group performance scale for illiterates and foreigners 

 could have been constructed from the Camp Lee suggestions. It is unfortunate that more of 



' Healy, W. A. A Pictorial Completion Test. Psychol. Rev., vol. 21, 1914, pp. 189-203. 



1 Woodworth, R. S., and Wells, F. L. Association Tests. Psychol. Monog., vol. 13, no. 57, 1911, pp. 53-55. 



»Op. cit.,pp. 18-22. 



* Knox, H. A. A Scale Based on the Work at Ellis Island lor Estimating Mental Defect. J. Amer. Med. Assoc, vol. 62, 1914, p. 742. 



