no. 2.3 PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 491 



If we turn to table 145, which differs from table 144 by the fact that only cases who actually 

 took examination a are considered in finding percentages and in computing constants, we note 

 that the only change in order of excellence of camps occurs between Dix and Devens, Devens 

 taking precedence to a slight degree by this method. This order holds whether we consider 

 percentages of "superior" (A and B grade) cases, medians, or upper or lower quartiles. The 

 quartile deviations do not differ from one another except for Camp Lee, which shows a slightly 

 greater amount of dispersion than the other camps. 



The outstanding facts concerning the relative mental status of the four camps appear, 

 therefore, to be the following: (1 ) On any basis of comparison Camp Lee is clearly indicated 

 as the lowest of the four; (2) similarly on any basis of comparison Camp Taylor stands next in 

 rank, though not always sharply contrasted with the camp next above it. In view of the 

 facts mentioned previously regarding elimination of an appreciable number of low-grade cases 

 before any examining was done at Camp Taylor, it seems safe to conclude that the relative 

 standing of this camp was at least as low as the results indicate. It may, in fact, have approxi- 

 mated more closely to the position of Camp Lee than is indicated. (3) The relative precedence 

 of Dix or Devens is determined by the basis of comparison used. By the one which compares 

 total groups and which appears the more justifiable at least a slight superiority in favor of 

 Dix is indicated. 



Table 145. — Percentage distribution of scores by camps: Examination a— Enlisted men {white) — Literate cases only. 



The final columns of tables 144 and 145 and the upper bar of figure 2 show the combined 

 data from all stations. Since Camps Lee and Taylor, which have been shown to have a lower 

 intelligence ranking than the other two camps, furnished over two-thirds of the total number 

 of cases as here combined, it is evident that there is probably an overweighting of this total 

 toward the lower portion of the scale. There is, however, no information regarding the best 

 distribution of proportions among the several camps to obtain a representative sample of men 

 recruited during the summer and fall of 1917. 



Section 3. — Additional data regarding enlisted men, by camps. 



In addition to the foregoing rough summary of data on enlisted men for comparative 

 purposes, further more detailed figures are available regarding scores in examination a. Since 

 all such data presupposes a preliminary exclusion of illiterates, it is open to all the objections 

 previously noted (see p. 490) in so far as it is used for comparison of camps. Our intention in 

 presenting the more detailed figures at present is therefore not that of comparison, for which 

 we consider the previous material more adequate. The figures are offered rather to furnish 

 more adequate descriptive material regarding the various camps and to afford more exact 

 norms for future reference. For the latter purpose a special value attaches to figures on a 

 given camp group, which may be interpreted in the light of the geographical selection of its 

 members and with reference to the basis of segregation for literacy actually employed (see 

 pp. 473 if.). We present in table 146 the percentage distribution in examination a of enlisted 



