504 



MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



[Vol. XV, 



Table 150. — Comparison of companies in four infantry regiments showing percentages relatively illiterate and percentages 

 grading A or B in examination a — Enlisted men (white) — Continued. 



2. EIGHTIETH DIVISION. 



Three hundred and seventeenth Infantry. 



Company. 



A 



B 



C 



D 



E 



F 



G 



H 



I 



K 



L 



M 



Machine pun. 

 Headquarters 

 Supply 



Number of 

 cases. 



219 

 271 

 276 

 246 

 253 

 251 

 265 

 253 

 265 

 236 

 236 

 235 

 177 

 281 

 142 



Percentage 

 eliminated 

 as "illiter- 

 ate." 



11.7 

 27.3 

 20.3 

 8.5 

 15.8 

 32.6 

 11.8 

 18.1 

 17.7 

 28.4 

 12.7 

 16.7 

 14.1 

 17.1 

 15.5 



Percentage 

 AorB. 



4.0 

 3.3 

 2.5 

 4.5 

 7.5 

 1.2 

 1.9 

 2.8 

 6.0 

 2.7 

 2.1 

 4.3 

 4.0 

 7.8 

 2.8 



Three hundred and nineteenth Infantry. 



Company. 



A 



B 



C 



D 



E 



F 



G 



H 



I 



K 



I 



M 



Machine gun. 

 Headquarters 

 Supply 



Percentage, 

 A or B. 



23.2 

 4.9 

 3.1 

 5.7 



29.1 

 5.6 



15.5 

 7.4 



15.0 



15.9 

 7.3 

 2.9 

 7.9 



29.8 

 9.4 



Figure 9 shows the extreme differences which appear if we disregard regimental groupings 

 and consider all the infantry compames of a division. The percentages of superior (A or B) 

 men are here shown for the 10 companies ranking highest from this point of view and the 10 

 ranking lowest. The special companies — machine gun, headquarters, and supply — are not 

 included in this comparison. 



A single set of illustrations may serve to suggest the existence of irregularities in other 

 branches. Table 151 gives data on two engineer regiments, one from the Seventy-sixth Division 

 and one from the Eightieth. The latter, shown also in figure 10, is of special interest, since it 

 is known that the information here shown was used in the balancing of the regiment. No data 

 are available to show the status of the regiment after the evening-up process, but a year later 

 an officer of the regiment, who has served with it overseas, expressed his opinion to the effect 

 that the efficiency of the regiment had been markedly increased by the change. 



One of the most important contributions of the fall work was the clear demonstration of 

 the existence of such marked inequalities within units, and the presentation of the information 

 in such form that it could be used readily by the appropriate military authorities. Following 

 the lines suggested in the fall, extensive use was made of such material during the later period 

 of the psychological examining. 



Table 151. — Comparison of companies in two engineer regiments showing percentages relatively illiterate and percentages 



grading A or B in examination a. 



Section 6. — Comparison in terms of military status. 



Thus far we have been concerned with comparisons of groups of enlisted men distinguished 

 from one another in various ways not involving an initial assumption of superiority of one group 

 over another. In the present section we shall compare groups classified in terms of their military 

 advancement. There are available for consideration from this point of view data on the follow- 



