no. 2.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



509 



illiterate. It is evident that all camps tell the same story, regardless of whether the camp in 

 question is of relatively high or low caliber, showing the preponderance among the officers of 

 men "superior to the average,' ' the small proportion of men of the level of the " average private," 

 and the negligible number falling below this level. 



Figure 14 shows the median score for enlisted men in comparison with the median for 

 officers. The main bars represent medians of the totals from the four camps; the dotted lines 

 the medians of the separate camps. It is apparent that the superiority of the officer group 

 over the enlisted men is not affected by the existing variations among camps. 



The foregoing comparisons have been made between officers and total groups of men, 

 including illiterates. It is possible to make more detailed comparisons by using only those of 

 the latter group who took examination a, disregarding illiterates. Figures 15 and 16 show 

 distributions of scores, by intervals of 10, for officers and men. Figure 15 gives the percentage 

 distribution for each group; the solid line represents the distribution of men and the dotted 

 line that of officers. The superiority previously noted in favor of the officers is fully as evident 

 here as in the rougher diagrams. 



Figure 16 shows the same two groups drawn not to a percentage scale but to a common 

 scale for number of cases. The relative numbers included in the two groups are therefore 



ENLISTED ME.N 



14-3 



(n. Co... -65267) 



OFFICERS 

 296 



(No. Co.e.-5S6s) 



DEVENS \&J 

 DIX 171 



LEE Il6 



TAYLOR 154 



L- 



"1 

 I 

 I 



DEVEN5 311 

 DIX 294 



LEE 294 



TAYLOR 26To 



50 



100 150 



MEDIAN 



ZOO 

 SCORE 



250 



300 



IVILUIMM *_>V^ *-/ l-C C_ 



Fig. 14. Medians for enlisted men and for officers. Main bars represent data for four camps combined. Dotted lines represent data for 

 separate camps. 



proportional to the areas covered by the two curves. This comparison is important as showing 

 that it is possible to find, within the group of enlisted men at these four camps, a body of men 

 of the same range of intelligence as the officer group shown, and with as many cases at each level. 

 The existence of such a group is important as indicating the presence of future officer material 

 in the body of enlisted men received through the draft, though the proportions as here shown 

 are not intended to represent the normal proportions of officers to men in the Army. They 

 show merely the numbers of both groups actually examined during this period. Since the 

 officer group was more completely examined than the group of enlisted men, the officers are 

 present here in more than their usual proportions. 



Reference to the means for officers and enlisted men shows the same striking differences 

 that other comparisons have brought out: 



Mean, enlisted men, 168.7 ±0.21. 



Mean, officers, 288.6 ±4.82. 

 We note also a difference between the standard deviations of the two groups: 



Standard deviation, enlisted men, 79. 



Standard deviation, officers, 53.3. 

 The dispersion of the enlisted men is clearly wider than that of the officers. This difference 

 in dispersion was, in fact, apparent from figures 15 and 16, which show the enlisted men covering 



