no. 3] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 741 



Camp Dix (October 31, 1918) makes a comparison of the results on alpha and beta exami- 

 nations of negroes and whites and states that ''it is the obvious conclusion of this study that 

 the difference (between whites and negroes) is chiefly quantitative and not qualitative. This 

 conclusion is suggested by the close parallelism of scores in performance in the group psychological 

 examinations. This parallelism persists whether the analysis is made from the point of view 

 of total scores, scores in the individual tests, correlations, or distributions. The inferiority is 

 almost invariably constant at a lower level than the standards of whites." 



Tables 277 and 278, taken from this report, compare the results of negroes and whites on 

 the individual tests of alpha and beta, respectively. The comparison is made in three ways. 

 The coefficients of correlation for score on each individual test with total score, mean scores, 

 and percentage of zero scores are all given for negroes and whites, respectively. In alpha 1,239 

 negroes are compared with 5,178 whites. In beta 500 negroes are compared with 2,276 whites. 

 No comparison of negroes and whites on the basis of results of individual examinations is 

 made in this report. 



Table 277. — Comparison of negroes and whites on individual alpha tests, Camp Dix. 

 In case of whites the coefficients of correlation are based on the old method of scoring in which weighted scores were used. 



Table 278. — Comparison of negroes and whites on individual beta tests, Camp Dix. 

 In case of whites the coefficients of correlation are based on the old method of scoring in which weighted scores were used. 



Altogether the evidence from camp reports seem to indicate, however, that qualitative 

 differences between negroes and whites do exist. Whether these differences are sufficiently 

 marked to make the measures of intelligence developed for use with white men inexact as 

 applied to negroes is still to be determined. 



The only available data collected with the purpose of attacking the question of the military 

 value of the negro are those contained in a report from Camp Upton (November 10, 1918). 

 Company commanders were requested by the chief psychological examiner to make out, with 

 the assistance of their lieutenants and first sergeants, a list of 50 negro recruits, 10 of whom, 

 in the estimate of the officers and sergeant, fell in each one of five designated classes by reason 

 of their military value. The classes with their designations were as follows: 



A. Very superior. Equal to good white sergeant or to white officer material. 



B. Superior. Level of good white noncoms. 



