744 



MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



[Vol. XV, 



Table 279. — Numbers of men given examination beta, as bearing upon the literacy of recruits. 



Station. 



Bowio 



Cody 



Custer 



Devens 



DLx 



Dodgo 



Funston. . .. 



Gordon 



Grant 



Greene 



Greenleaf 



Hancock 



Humphreys. 



Jackson 



Kearney 



Lee 



Lewis 



Logan 



Meade 



Pike 



Sevier 



Sheridan 



Sherman 



Taylor 



Travis 



Upton 



Wadsworth . . 



Will rf I. 



Literacy basis. 1 



Read and write, finished fourth grade 



Fourth grade 



Read and write; negroes, 5 years at school. 



Read and write 



Read easily, sixth grade 



Read and write, finished fourth grade 



Read and write 



Read and write rapidly, or seventh grade 



Read and write, 4 years at school 



Read and write, fourth grade, and 5 years in United States 

 Read and write fairly, reached sixth grade 



Read and write 



Read and write, speak English, and over filth grade. 



Read and write 



Read and write 



Reached fifth grade 



Read and write 



Four years at school (later. 6 years at school) 



Read and write (later, years at school) 



Sixth grade; negroes, 8 years at school 



Read and write; negroes, finished sixth grade 



Read and write 



Read newspapers 



Northern recruits, third grade; southern recruits, fourth 



grade. 

 Read and write, reached sixth grade (later, seventh grade) . 



Number 

 examined. 



27,464 

 43,482 

 54,354 

 50.031 

 67, 768 

 09,927 

 75, 678 

 63,048 

 83, 229 

 27, 807 

 5B.097 

 44,433 

 13, 981 

 98, 996 

 18, 921 

 S2.441 

 7.5, 519 

 19,984 

 65,700 

 75. 942 

 24,139 

 55,165 

 64,408 

 53,336 

 77,555 

 61,559 

 67,704 



32.9S8 



1,552.256 



Number 

 sent to 

 beta. 



5,497 



5,003 

 10,004 

 11.370 

 19, 768 

 22, 701 

 21, 967 

 16, 119 

 24, 218 

 10,512 



9,992 

 12, 714 



1,957 

 19, 587 



2,931 

 23,104 

 10,209 



3,679 

 21,069 

 21,891 



6,567 

 11,985 

 26,938 

 10, 672 

 17,403 

 14,486 

 13,442 



10,411 



386, 196 



Per 



cent 

 beta. 



20.0 

 18.8 

 18.4 

 22.7 

 29.2 

 32.5 

 29.0 

 25.3 

 29.1 

 37.8 

 17.8 

 28.6 

 14.0 

 19.8 

 15.5 

 28.0 

 13.5 

 18.4 

 32.1 

 28.8 

 27.2 

 21.7 

 41.8 

 20.0 

 22.4 

 23.5 

 19.9 



31.6 



24.9 



Per 

 cent 

 negro. 



10.7 







9.9 



1.7 

 19.8 

 25.4 

 25.5 

 10.8 

 18.8 

 38.6 



0.8 



5.1 







17.5 

 .005 



8.8 



2.2 



0.3 

 20.8 

 16.1 

 18.7 

 10.0 

 30.4 

 16.9 

 22.0 

 15.4 



6.0 



10.9 



1 "Read and write" means "ability to read and understand newspapers and write letters home." 



A number of special reports from camps give comparative data of various sorts. Although 

 an absolute definition of literacy is still lacking, the results within a single camp give more 

 valid comparisons than data including several camps. 



The following table from Camp Devens shows for New England and for each New England 

 State the per cent of the draft who were given beta. Figures are given for the native-born 

 foreign, and negro groups separately. These per cents are not comparable with those in table 

 279, for they include besides the men originally sent to examination beta also those who failed 

 in the alpha examination for literates and were subsequently given examination beta. 



A general statement from Camp Jackson gives the percentages of men given examination 

 beta for northern white, southern white, foreign-born, and negro recruits: 



Northern recruits 7. 9 



Southern recruits 36. 5 



Foreign born 58. 3 



Negro 83. 



Camp Grant reports that (including those who failed on examination alpha) 44 per cent 

 of northern negroes and 72 per cent of southern negroes were given examination beta. Of the 

 latter group 30 per cent had already been eliminated by the physical examiners. 



A special report on the negroes examined at Camp Upton shows the following per cents 

 originally segregated as unable to take the alpha examination for literates: 



New York City 18. 9 



New York (outside New York City) 25. 3 



New Jersey 27. 5 



Delaware 38. 5 



Virginia 52. 4 



