no. 3.] PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINING IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 763 



AYRES 



5TRAYER 

 THORNDIKE. 

 WHITE DRAFT 

 NEGRO DRAFT 



Fio. 28. Elimination from school. Of each 100 white recruits ready to enter first grade 45 continued long enough to graduate from eighth grade, 



9 from high school, and 1 from college. 



Table 304. — Elimination from grades, high school and college. 



1 Ayres, L. P., Laggards in Our Schools, 1909, pp. 66-72. 



1 Ayres, L. P., Cleveland Education Survey, 1917: Vol. 3, Child Accounting in the Public Schools, p. 33; and vol. 26, Cleveland School Survey 

 (Summarv Volume), p. 88. 



' Strayer, G. D., Age and Grade Census of Schools and Colleges, TJ. S. Bureau Educ. Bull. 1911, No. 5, especially pp. 6, 7. 

 • Thorndike, E. L., The Elimination of Pupils from School, U. S. Bureau Educ. Bull. 1907, No. 4, especially pp. llfl, 27, 37ff. 



Section 2. — The intelligence of the Army. 



Before going into the relation of education to the Army intelligence examinations it will 

 be well to present briefly the performance on these examinations of each entire group, regardless 

 of schooling. The differences between these groups, it will be seen, roughly correspond to the 

 schooling differences previously presented, and to such an extent as to force recognition of a 

 common factor. Tables 305 and 306 and figures 29 and 30 show, respectively, the distributions 

 of alpha and of beta scores for officers (no beta), native born and foreign white draft, and 

 northern and southern negro groups. 1 



1 To show completely the examination results it would be necessary to present also the individual examination records; the proportion indi- 

 vidually examined was, however, so small as not to change materially the present comparison. Such cases make up 1.7 per cent of the native bom 

 and 6 per cent o f the foreign born whitedraft, 2.3 percent of the northern negro, and 0.4per centof the southern negro draft; the fundamental tables 

 earlier in the chapter give distributions of the intelligence ratings of these individually examined groups. Some men in these groups were examined 

 also by alpha, and many by beta, and these aDDear already in the alpha and the beta distributions; all of them appear in the schooling distributions 

 in table 302 and figure 24. 



