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MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



[Vol-. XV, 



schooled though less intelligent than the foreign draft group; it is just in line with this dis- 

 crepancy, too, that the southern negro group, lowest in each comparison, is nevertheless much 

 farther removed from the others in intelligence rating than it is in schooling. The normal 

 relation between the intelligence of a race and its interest in the training of its youth, one 

 might say, has been upset by contact with a highly educated civilization, which has enormously 

 increased the time the negro spends on education without correspondingly increasing his 

 intelligence (as measured by these examinations). The position of Army officers in the two 

 comparisons also falls in line here; in each respect it holds the highest position, but is much 

 farther separated from the other groups in schooling than it is in intelligence. This greatly 

 increased education, in other words, is not accompanied by an equal increase in the intelligence 

 rating; in the latter the distributions for officers and white draft still overlap appreciably, 

 while schooling separates them quite sharply. The alpha and beta median scores for these 

 groups appear at the foot of the corresponding distribution tables. 



Section 3. — Intelligence as independent of schooling. 



When the entire groups described in the previous paragraphs (officers, native born and 

 foreign white draft, and northern and southern negro draft) are broken up into subgroups 

 according to schooling, a series of interesting comparisons becomes evident. The schooling 

 groups used are 0-4 years, 5-8 years, high school 1-4 years, college 1-4 years, and graduate 

 1 or more years. (See tables 308 to 316, figures 31 to 39.) (Statements previously made 

 regarding the proportion in which each group had to take examination beta should be called 

 to mind in this connection.) Again, it is obvious that schooling and intelligence are related. 

 Within each group, subgroups which are successively better schooled make successively better 

 showing in intelligence examinations. 1 



Table 308. — Per cent distribution of alpha scores. Officer groups of different schooling. 



1 A series of figures below shows further that the converse of this proposition is equally true; within each group, subgroups with successively 

 higher intelligence rating are successively better schooled. See section 4 on correlations. 



