CHAPTER 16. 



BELATION OF RATINGS TO ABM OF THE SERVICE. 



In the chapter on the results of examination a (Part II, pages 494 ff), comparisons 

 of the intelligence of the enlisted personnel in various organizations and various branches 

 of the service have already been made. Owing to the fact that at the earlier time referred 

 to no intelligence test had been developed for the foreign born and illiterate soldier, and owing 

 further to differences among the four camps in regard to the basis of segregation, the compara- 

 tive results there found were not regarded as altogether reliable. Comparisons of the ratings 

 received in examination a by officers in different branches of the service have also been made. 



This chapter is an attempt to furnish more reliable information. The matter is thought 

 to be of significance, since at some camps organizations with similar functions were balanced 

 with regard to psychological grades, and in others allowances were made in assignments on 

 the basis of psychological grades after occupational needs had been met. It was thought 

 that such assignments could best be based upon results actually found true in the case of well- 

 established organizations. 



After the work with examination a in the first four camps for the most part newly drafted 

 men, and not established organizations, were examined. In only a few cases were divi- 

 sional organizations examined. The lack of uniformity with regard to the basis of segregation 

 of illiterates persisted, however. It was nevertheless considered worth while to make a second 

 computation at the later time, since the addition of the beta examination had made possible 

 the determination of letter grades for entire organizations. 



The basis of the present discussion is the principal sample of enlisted men, Group 

 VIII, and the principal sample of officers Group VI. For details as to the method of 

 selection of these groups, see chapter 1, Part III. It is worth noting, however, that the 

 record cards for Group VIII were drawn, in so far as possible, from a small number of 

 camps with as many different branches of the service as possible represented in each camp. 

 Thus it was hoped that differences of segregation might neither obliterate nor unjustifiably 

 increase real differences between organizations. It is worth noting that 56 per cent of 

 Group VIII was drawn from four camps (Cody, Lee, Sheridan, Kearny) ; and that 80 per cent 

 of the group was drawn from these four and four other camps (Travis, Sevier, Bowie, and 

 Lewis). Camps known to have received especially good or especially poor men were chosen 

 in as nearly as possible equal numbers in order that the combined figures should represent 

 as nearly as might be the typical situation. 



The fact that the new figures to a striking degree confirm the earlier findings still further 

 convinces us that the comparisons now to be made are reliable for practical purposes. 



Tables 384 to 390 show the detailed results for enlisted men. Table 391 is derived 

 by considering and combining the alpha grades of men who took alpha only, the beta 

 grades of men who took beta only, and alpha-beta only, and the grades received hi each 

 of the three individual examinations. For the sake of comparison certain other per- 

 centages are given in this table. Thus the negro draft (Group IV,) a negro infantry 

 regiment, and the white officers (Group VI) are also represented. In the case of the 

 infantry the general percentages are computed by combining infantry supply, infantry 

 rifle, infantry machine gun, and infantry headquarters company percentages pro-rated by 

 companies, i. e., giving weights of 1, 12, 1, and 1, respectively. In the case of artillery the 



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