32 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VOL. XIII. 



ANDERSON. 



Anderson township, Hamilton County, Ohio. 



Here also Turner Mound and Little Miami. 



Latitude 39° W N., longitude 84° 18' W. 



Iron-stone. Pallasite, Krasnojarsk group (Pk) of Brezina. 



Prehistoric, described 1S84. 



Weight, 847 grams, besides worked masses. 



This meteorite was first described by Kinnicutt, 1 as follows: 



In the spring of 18S3 the curator of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology placed in my 

 hands for examination certain specimens which had been "found on the altar of Mound No. 3 of the Turner group of 

 earthworks in the Little Miami Valley, Ohio." 



These specimens included portions of two-ornaments made of iron, several others covered or overlaid with iron, 

 and some separate pieces which were thought to be either an ore of iron, or, possibly, metallic iron. 



These separate pieces were covered with cinders, small pieces of charcoal, pearls, broken ornaments made of shells, 

 and other materials which were firmly attached to the coating of iron oxide, showing that these pieces had been sub- 

 jected to a comparatively high temperature. On removing this foreign matter it was found that these specimens con- 

 sisted mainly of metallic iron, which was of a steel gray color and easily malleable. That this iron was obtained by 

 the reduction of an ore of iron seemed at first most probable; still there was a possibility that it might be of meteoric 

 origin and a careful investigation was consequently undertaken. 



The first piece taken for this purpose was of an irregular cubical shape, weighing 28 grams, and was evidently a 

 detached piece of some larger mass. It was thickly coated with oxide of iron, had in general the appearance of limon- 

 nite, and could only with difficulty be cut or broken. The specific gravity was 6.42. A small piece perfectly freed 

 from rust gave on analysis: 



Iron 86. 66 



Nickel 12. 67 



Cobalt 33 



Copper Trace. 



Insoluble residue 10 



99.76 



A polished surface, when etched, gave well-marked Widmannstattian figures, and at one corner small crystals of 

 olivine and bronzite could be easily identified under the microscope. Traces of a third mineral could also be 

 detected on the polished surface, the exact nature of which I have not yet been able to determine. 



The second specimen examined weighed 52 grams, was a square-shaped piece, and had evidently been hammered 

 into its present form. Crystals of olivine could be easily detected inclosed within the iron. The specific gravity 

 was found to be 6.51. 



A piece of the iron thoroughly cleaned from rust gave on analysis: 



Iron T. S8. 37 



Nickel 10. 90 



Cobalt 44 



Copper Trace. 



Phosphorous Trace. 



Insoluble residue 12 



99.83 



I did not consider it necessary to have a surface of this piece polished, as its general characteristics were the same 

 as those of the first specimen examined. 



The remaining separate pieces of iron, as well as the iron overlying the copper ornaments, were now carefully 

 examined, and in each and every case the element nickel was shown to be present, and in most of the separate pieces 

 crystals of olivine could be detected. This seems to prove conclusively that all the iron obtained from the mound 

 was of meteoric origin, and in all probability portions of one large meteorite, which belongs, according to Daubree's 

 classification, to the Syssiderites. 



Two months after receiving the specimens above described the curator of the museum placed in my hands a mass 

 of iron weighing 767.5 grams, which had been found "on the altar in Mound No. 4 of the Turner group. 



This mass consisted principally of metallic iron and olivine; the crystals of olivine have a diameter of 5 to 10 mm., 

 and are inclosed within the iron. The specific gravity was found by Professor Lattimore of Rochester, New York, to 

 be4.72. 



A section of the stone was made and polished. The dark portions showing the size and shape of the crystals of 

 olivine, which were of dark green, weighing from 200-800 milligrams and had a specific gravity of 3.33. An analysis 

 of the olivine gave the following results: 



