124 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VOL. XIII. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1. 1880: Hidden. An account of the finding of a new meteorite in Cleburne County, Alabama. Amer. Journ. 



Scl, 3d ser., vol. 19, pp. 370-371. 



2. 1880: Mackintosh. Analysis of the meteoric iron from Cleburne County, Alabama. Amer. Journ. Sci., 3d ser., 



vol. 20, p. 74. 



3. 1881: Brezina. Bericht III, Sitzber. Wien. Akad., Bd. 84 I, pp. 281-282. 



4. 1885: Brezina. Wiener Sammlung, pp. 155, 213, 214, and 234. 



CHUPADEROS. 



Rancho de Chupaderos, 18 miles from Jimenez, Chihuahua, Mexico. 



Latitude 27° N., longitude 105° 4' W. 



Iron. Fine octahedrite (Of) of Brezina; Caillite (type 18) of Meunier. 



Known for centuries; mentioned 1852. 



Weight, two large masses weighing 14,114 and 6,767 kgs. (31,050 and 14,885 lbs.). 



The history and characters of these great masses have been summed up by Cohen u as 

 follows : 



In the view of Fletcher ' certain remarks of Bartlett ' in the description of his journeys relate to the shell-like 

 masses of Chupaderos. The latter states that in 1852 he received word that there were in the neighborhood of Hueju- 

 quilla (Jiminez) some large masses of meteoric iron, and though an expedition sent out by him was unsuccessful in 

 finding them, he did not doubt the presence of such masses. Fletcher also thinks that the short mention by Smith 2 

 of newly discovered huge iron masses in Mexico relates to these. Urquidi, who owned the Hacienda Concepcion, 

 was of the opinion that the masses of Adargas, Morito, and Chupaderos originally formed one meteor which burst at a 

 great height. Barcena 4 mentions masses at the Hacienda Concepcion approximating in form, as do most Mexican 

 meteorites, to that of a prism with arched faces. Rammelsberg 5 determined in 1879 the content of nickel and cobalt 

 in the Chupaderos meteorite, receiving his material, as Fletcher thinks, from Burkhart. The first detailed informa- 

 tion was furnished by Castillo. 8 He states that the place of find is the Rancho de Chupaderos, 18 miles from the railroad 

 station of Jiminez, earlier called Huejuquilla. Both masses were of the shape of a flat parallelopipedon and rich in 

 cylindrical hollows in part filled with troilite. The specific gravity of the iron was 7.18. The smaller mass weighing 

 9.290 kg. measured 2.15 by 1.10 by 0.50 m.; the larger weighing 15,600 kg. measured 2.50 by 2 by 0.40 m. The 

 surface of fracture showed that the two masses belonged together. They lay only 250 m. apart. Castillo shares the 

 opinion of Urquida that the masses belong with that of Adargas and Morito, and that at a great height a separation took 

 place into three parts, one of which, nearer the earth's surface, again divided. According to the history of Philip II the 

 masses were discovered in 1581 by Antonio d' Espejo. Fletcher thinks, however, that this is a mistake. Fletcher also 

 believes that the two massesbelong together. This, he thinks, on account of the similarity of the surfaces, all of which are, 

 for example, very rich in troilite, and on account of the rarity of meteorites of this size. It could scarcely be believed, 

 he thinks, that in so narrow a space such large masses could have fallen at three different times. The present separation , 

 of 65 miles he did not deem significant, since Morito and Adargas had been transported some distance. Meunier n 

 assigns Chupaderos to his Caillite group. He states that the kamacite strongly predominates and the taenite exists 

 where two bands are thrown together. He mentions also that little schreibersite is present and that there is a lack of 

 troilite, although the piece studied was of considerable size. According to Brezina 12 the two masses, whose structure 

 completely agrees, belong together. He describes the lamellae as long, straight, moderately grouped, slightly swollen; 

 the kamacite has a fine oriented sheen, as if from very delicate lines, which, however, can not be seen microscopically. 

 The taenite is well developed, the fields abundant, about equal in quantity with the lamellae; plessite with or without 

 combs or points. Large lamellae of schreibersite occur inclosed in swathing kamacite 2 mm. thick and very large 

 troilite cylinders which, near the surface, are usually quite or in part empty. On account of essential differences of 

 structure Brezina thinks that Adargas and Morito can not be united with Chupaderos. In a piece which I have at 

 hand the lamellae are long, in part straight, in part somewhat sinuously bounded; at times somewhat granular, only 

 here and there moderately grouped; the taenite very strongly developed; the fields abundant and not less in quantity 

 than the lamellae. The kamacite consists predominantly of quite irregular but sharply bounded grains, a great number 

 of which have the same oriented sheen. Although of varying dimensions, the diameter occasionally reaches 0.25 mm. 

 Here and there the kamacite is flattened by point-like depressions. In such places under the microscope systems of 

 lines can be recognized which I regard as ridges but which are considerably less in number and less visible than the 

 typical hatched kamacite. The small fields are composed of compact dark plessite, usually fine-grained and gray, but 

 darker than the kamacite. Both kinds consist of a compactappearing groundmass and numerous uniformly distributed 

 shining flakes. In the lighter fields the latter are larger and form in part rounded spots 0.03 mm. large and in part 

 extraordinarily fine threads. The edge of such fields is often more fine grained and darker than the central part. 

 Occasionally small complete lamellae cross a larger field, or the latter is composed almost wholly of them. Finally 

 fields occur very sparingly in which the taenite is distributed in the form of combs. In these cases the kamacite is like 

 that of the large bands but somewhat finer grained. Schreibersite is quite abundant but irregularly distributed, 

 partly lying in the bands, partly appearing in large individual crystals, and often surrounded by granular swathing 

 kamacite. The iron is attacked with difficulty by dilute hydrochloric acid. For solution it is necessary to make the 



