478 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, VOL. XIII. 



The first mention of this meteorite seems to have been by Ward, 1 who gives the above 

 data and states that the meteorite is undescribed. 



Klein 2 reported the following analysis by Lindner (specific gravity, 7.108): 



Insoluble 

 gray 

 Fe Ni Co S P residue 



80.78 17.92 0.84 0.15 0.12 0.15 =99.96 



The main mass is in the museum of the University of Arizona. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1. 1904: Ward. Catalogue of the Ward-Coonley collection of meteorites, p. 27. 



2. 1904: Klein. Mitth. uber Meteoriten. Sitzber. Konigl. preuss. Akad., Bd. 32. 



WELLAND. 



Ontario, Canada. 



Latitude 43° 0' N., longitude 79° 15' W. 



Iron. Medium octaliedrite (Om) of Brezina. 



Found 1888; described 1890. 



Weight, 8 kgs. (17.75 lbs.). 



This meteorite was chiefly described by Howell * as follows : 



This meteorite was found April 30, 1888, about 1.5 miles north of Welland, Ontario, Canada. It was plowed up by 

 Walter Caughell, on land owned by a Mr. Shannon, and attracted attention by its weight, but not being considered 

 valuable it was thrown aside after a small piece weighing 5 ounces had, with much difficulty, been broken off. This 

 piece was kept by Mr. George Holland, brother-in-law of Mr. Shannon, until September last, when he gave it to Dr. 

 McCallum, his family physician, who, being convinced that it was meteoric, forwarded it to me. Mr. Holland was 

 in due time engaged to search for the original mass, which he finally found December 9, 1889, in a pile of old iron inside 

 of an old stove oven. 



It is impossible to determine the original size of the mass since it has been so long exposed to oxidation that none 

 of the outer crust or characteristic pittings remain, the general form only being preserved, which is that of a kidney- 

 shaped mass. There has doubtless been considerable reduction in bulk. The two greatest dimensions of the mass 

 are 8 by 6 inches (15 by 20 cm.). 



After being freed from all loose scales and including the first piece broken off its total weight was 17.75 pounds. 



At several points the octahedral structure is well shown and the decomposition of the iron enabled me to collect 

 the tsenite in amount sufficient for analysis, which has been given Mr. J. M. Davison for that purpose. A polished 

 section of the iron treated with dilute acid shows the Widmannstatten figures rather coarse and strong, not unlike the 

 Toluca irons. The entire absence of troilite, as far as can be detected in the various sections, is a marked feature of 

 the iron, the only indication of its presence being the small amount of sulphur shown in the following analysis kindly 



furnished by Mr. Davison: 



Fe Ni C S 



91.17 8.54 0.06 0.07 =99.84 

 Specific gravity=7.87. 



Owing to its freedom from troilite and schreibersite and the separated condition of the plates Davison 2 regarded 

 the iron a good one for analysis of the different nickel-iron alloys. He obtained the following results: 



Plessite. 



Kamacite-like Taenite-like 

 Kamaclte. part. part. Tsenite. 



Fe 93.09 92.81 72.98 74.78 



Ni 6.69 6.97 25.87 24.32 



Co 25 .19 .83 .33 



C 02 .19 .91 .50 



100.05 100.16 100.59 99.93 



Davison's conclusion from the analysis and structure was that the plessite of Welland was 

 made up of thin alternating lamellae of kamacite and tsenite. 

 Brezina 3 gives the following observations: 

 The mass is so much weathered that the three elements of its composition may be mechanically separated. An 

 octahedron 9 cm. in size was weathered out in one place. The bands are long and straight, somewhat grouped and 

 swollen, tsenite well developed, meshes filled almost entirely with kamacite-like combs, very rarely with dark-gray 

 plessite. The kamacite and combs are much degranulated and slightly and very finely hatched. Ribs of cohenite 

 are abundant in the kamacite. 



The meteorite is distributed. Vienna possesses 1,521 grams. 



