4 WILLIAM GILSON FARLOW— SETCHELL [ ^ prES £v£xxi; 



genus Farlowia. From J. G. Agardh, during this visit and by his correspondence, Farlow 

 was assisted in fixing determinations of his later lists (1875 and 1876) of the algse of the United 

 States, as well as many which he never published but passed on to his own disciples. From 

 Lund he went to Stockholm and on to Upsala, where he met Elias Fries and his son Th. Fries, 

 authorities in taxonomic lichen ology and fungology. Farlow tells in his biographical notice of 

 Edward Tuckerman how the elder Fries recalled the visit of the American lichenologist whose 

 sharp eyes detected, as they strolled on the famous avenue near the University of Upsala, a 

 species of lichen which the elder and most famous lichenologist had never seen there. It is 

 to be recalled also, in connection with the visit to Upsala, that the younger Fries was bringing 

 out his comprehensive work on Scandinavian lichens (1S71-1874). 



From Sweden, Farlow went to Norway for alga? and then on to Petrograd (St. Petersburg) 

 to examine the collections at the Imperial Academy of Sciences collected by the Liitke expedi- 

 tion (1823-1827), and those collected later by Wosnessenski for the Imperial Academy, on the 

 northwestern coasts of America. These had been studied and reported upon by F. J. Ruprecht 

 and were apparently in the same condition and arrangement as when left by him. From 

 Petrograd, he went to Moscow, thence on to Berlin and Cologne, and finally to Strassburg, 

 to the laboratories of Anton de Bary, in the newly established German university in the terri- 

 tories recently wrested from France. 



Anton de Bary was at that period easdy the first and foremost plant morphologist in the 

 world, and his students were drawn from all countries. In his laboratories Farlow met many 

 of the future leading botanists of central and northern Europe. Two of these, both Poles, 

 J. Rostafinski and E. Janczewski, became his especial intimates, and after their work at Strass- 

 burg was over they journeyed on into France together, or at least met again at the Villa Thuret. 

 De Bary and Sachs were both associated with Hofmeister in his plan for issuing a compre- 

 hensive Handbuch der Botanik. De Bary had already published his remarkable work on the 

 morphology and physiology of the fungi, lichens, and myxomycetes (1866), in which it is 

 noticeable that the bacteria were not included as they were in the revised edition (1884), and 

 was at work on his comparative anatomy of the vegetative organs of the flowering plants and 

 ferns (published 1877). Farlow found at Strassburg a master and his disciples deep in the 

 work of testing and advancing botanical knowledge in extensive fields. Of the three asso- 

 ciated more closely, Rostafinski gave the world a monograph of the Mycetozoa (1873 and 

 1875), Janczewski elucidated the development of the ascogonium in Ascobolus (1871), and 

 Farlow investigated and described the first known case of apogamy in ferns (1874) . In De Bary's 

 laboratory Farlow learned and practiced the microtechnique of that day and learned much as 

 to methods of instruction, literature, and the work of his contemporaries. Since De Bary 

 paid much attention to the parasitism and saprophytism of fungi and the reactions of host 

 plants to their parasitic forms, we may readily infer that Farlow received much inspiration 

 for the work he instituted on his return to America on phytopathology. It was at this time, 

 as he related later, that he became acquainted with Sachs's textbook (second German edition, 

 1870), for which his admiration never ceased. 



Farlow fully occupied his stay of two years abroad. Besides his work in De Bary's 

 laboratory, he visited Switzerland, becoming acquainted with its Alpine flora, both as to 

 flowering plants and cryptogams, especially the lichens. He settled down for a while at 

 Geneva, where Johann M tiller- Argoviensis assisted him in his study of the rich lichen flora 

 of that locality. From his notes as to this part of his stay, we learn that he did not neglect 

 the fungi in his collections and studies. During the stay abroad, Farlow found opportunity 

 of spending some time at the Villa Thuret at Antibes, with G. Thuret and E. Bornet, in 

 phycological studies. Rostafinski and Janczewski were also there. The two French phy- 

 cologists were foremost in the study of the morphology and development of the algse. Thuret's 

 masterly series of papers on the zoospores and antheridia of plants, with their superb illustrations 

 (1850-1853), his researches on the fertilization of the Fucaceae (1855-1857) and, in connection 

 with Bornet, the solution of the cystocarpic development in the red algaB (1867) had marked a 

 new epoch in such study, and his taxonomic work, although he published little in this line, was 



