16 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



puncture flue spinous outgrowths may be seen piercing the gelatin. At the end of three weeks, 

 the liquefaction has reached a depth of 1 cm., and apparently the action has ceased. The floor 

 is level, and covered with a whitish flocculent deposit, while the liquefied gelatin is 

 a clear dark brown, the color extending into the solid gelatin for some distance. 

 '2j —l Potato. — At the end of the third day an elevated, rough, wrinkled band has 



formed along the line of inoculation. It is of a grayish color, and the potato has 

 turned a deep brown for 2 mm. on both sides of the growth. At the end of four 

 days the growth is 1 mm. high, and the wrinkles have increased. It looks now 

 exactly like a mass of small intestines, closely packed together. Where it has become 

 dry it has turned white on the surface. The potato is colored a dark brown through 

 and through, and the growth can be found in any part of it. 



Bouillon. — Growth occurs almost entirely at the bottom in the form of dirty 

 whitish flocculi, while the liquid becomes the color of brandy after some days. 

 GeLstab. Rosolic acid. — No growth observed. 



Litmus mill;. — Becomes more blue after two or three days and then grows gradually lighter, 

 and the casein appears to be digested. At the end of three weeks it has become a beautiful violet 

 hue by transmitted light, and in six weeks is a cherry red, a dark brown ring having formed 

 around the tube at the surface. 



Sugar gelatin, deep .stab. — Growth confined mainly to the surface. Slow liquefaction is caused, 

 and the gelatin becomes brown. No gas is produced. 



Indol. — On the addition of both sulphuric acid and sodium nitrite, a reddish color is produced, 

 probably indol. 



Relation to temperature. — Growth is more rapid at 35° to 30° C. than at room temperature. 



CLADOTHBIX NON-LIQUEFACIENS. 

 (Figs. 11, 11>, 13, aud 14, PI. II.) 



Found at the depth of 9 feet in made soil, which had been paved for a number of years. 



Character. — Requires oxygen. Shows very slight growth in an atmosphere of hydrogen. 



Morphology. — Forms long chains and filaments, which show false branching. No spiral 

 nor coccus forms observed. The filaments break up into rods of various lengths, which have 

 square ends. 



Spore formation not observed, though in old cultures some of the rods show unstained areas. 



Motility. — Non motile. 



Flagella not demonstrated. 



Colonies on gelatin platen. — Colonies appear in thirty-six to forty hours as minute white dots, 

 those on the surface being somewhat larger and yellowish, x 80. The deep have a structure 

 like the branching of a tree, the branches apparently arising from a common center aud running 

 outward in every direction to form a circular growth. On the surface the colonies have a central 

 portion of grayish color, made up of fine densely interwoven lines. Toward the edge the lines 

 can be clearly seen in tangled masses, growing thinner and finally breaking out to form a corona 

 of coarse spear points, which are almost straight, and seem to be as large at the ends as when 

 they leave the colony. 



The deep colonies grow almost as fast as those on the surface, but after a week become very 

 different in appearance. They are yellowish in color, circular, and not as large as the surface 

 colonies, x 80. They show an opaque center of reddish-yellow hue, surrounded by a beautiful 

 corona of fine wavy and branched lines, which push into the gelatin for a distance nearly equal 

 to the diameter of the colony. The surface colonies at the end of a week are 1 mm. in diameter, 

 are elevated, and nearly hemispherical with white moldy looking surfaces, x SO. They show 

 a dense opaque yellowish center, growing brown toward the edges, where it breaks up into a 

 corona of short, coarse spear points. These bore into the gelatin at tangents crossing each other, 

 forming a coarse basket work which resembles a swallow's nest. After a few days more a second 

 set of finer wavy liues are seen outside of these, and apparently beneath them. At this time 



