MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



5 



Doticeable. The effect produced was about the same as when the blood was mixed with fresh 

 venom, with this exception, that the preservative action of the venom did not last so long. The, 

 dry venom which has been mixed with water is apparently slower in its action upon the corpuscles 

 than is the pure fresh venom. 



Immediate etlect. 



Blood Normal 



Blood 



w :il 

 sp, 



equ 



dry \ enora mixed with 

 :t, sufficient bo make 

 icific gravity 1.035, 

 it parts 



1:1 \ and normal venom... 



Erythrocytes : In about three minntes the decided 

 effect of the venom is noticeable, corpuscles be- 

 come globular, more refractive, smaller. Leuco- 

 cytes slightly smaller, and no ameboid move- 

 ment. 



Erythrocytes: Instantly the oorpnscles become 

 globular, 3 to 5 in diameter, more refractive, ad- 

 hering together, quite ductile, and having a 

 reddish hue. Leucocytes smaller and more re- 

 tractive at the border. Ameboid movement 

 stopped. 



24 hours later. 



Normal, slight crenation. . . 



Breaking down, becoming 

 granular. 



Erythrocytes, same condi- 

 tion but where the layers 

 of the corpuscles are thin 

 oblong, crystals are form- 

 ing. Leucocytes same. 



48 hours later. 



Slight crenation 144 hours, 

 pale, disappearing. 



Broken down. Large num- 

 bers of oblong crystals in 

 the field. 



Same appearance. 

 Same. 



THE ACTION OF VENOM UPON THE BLOOD OF THE MONKEY. 



Iii the normal blood the erythrocytes were, micromillimeters in diameter, and when the 

 slides of blood were made in the usual way all the corpuscles were destroyed in seventy-two 

 hours. 



Blood and venom, 20 cubic micromillimeters of each, thoroughly mixed, showed the erythro- 

 cytes 3 micromillimeters in diameter, dark, globular, adhesive, and very ductile. The leucocytes 

 were non-motile. After seven days the corpuscles were of good shape and only slightly paler 



Blood and a normal saline solution mixed in equal parts gave rise to no alteration in the 

 corpuscles immediately. In seventy-two hours the corpuscles were broken down. 



Blood and a normal saline solution containing 10 per cent venom, equal parts, showed the 

 erythrocytes 3.5 micromillimeters in diameter and globular. The leucocytes had active ameboid 

 movement. In twenty-four hours all the corpuscles were destroyed. 



Blood and a normal saline solution containing 1 per cent venom, equal parts. The eryth- 

 rocytes were 5 micromillimeters in diameter and slightly biconcave. In twenty-four hours the 

 corpuscles were all destroyed. 



Blood and a normal saline solution containing 0.2 to 0.01 per cent venom, equal parts. In the 

 dilutions below 0.05 per cent venom the corpuscles showed greater refraction with scarcely any 

 perceptible diminntion in size. Above 0.05 per cent venom the corpuscles were normal. In 

 twenty-four hours all the corpuscles were destroyed. 



Here is again illustrated how more rapidly the corpuscles are broken down when brought in 

 contact with the weaker dilutions of venom than when a given quantity of human blood is mixed 

 with a similar quantity of venom. There was apparently no tendency to the crystallization of 

 the hemoglobin in the slides of blood of monkeys. 



THE ACTION OF VENOM UPON THE BLOOD OF THE GUINEA PIG. 



Under the same conditions as in the previous experiments slides were made of normal blood, 

 which showed the erythrocytes to be 5 micromillimeters in diameter. The ameboid motion of the 

 leucocytes stopped in twenty-four hours. All the corpuscles were broken down in five days. 



When blood and venom were mixed, 20 cubic millimeters of each, the erythrocytes were 

 globular, •"> micromillimeters in diameter, dark, almost chocolate colored, quite adhesive, and very 

 ductile. There was active ameboid movement. In six days all the corpuscles were destroyed. 



Blood and a normal saline solution mixed in equal quantities produced no immediate altera- 

 tion in the corpuscles, but in seventy two hours all the corpuscles were broken down. 



When blood and a normal saline solution containing 10 per cent venom, equal parts, were 

 mixed, the erythrocytes became globular, 3 micromillimeters in diameter, and very refractive. 

 The leucocytes preserved their ameboid movement. In forty-eight hours all the corpuscles were 

 broken down. 



