MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



11 



[A, normal blood. B, Immune idood.] 



Blood . 



Immediate effect. 



Blood ami venom, equal pari s - 



Blood and normal sail solu- 

 tion, equal parts. 



Ill Land normal saline solu- 



i loo containing in per cnnt 



venom, equal parts. 



Blond and mirnial salinesnlu- 

 tiou containing 2 percent 

 venom, equal parts. 



Blood and normal salt solu- 

 tion containing 1 per cent 

 venom, equal parts. 



Blood and normal saline solu- 

 tion containing 0.1 per 

 rent venom, equal parts. 



Blood and normal s.aliue solu- 

 tion containing 0.02 per 

 rent venom, equal parts. 



(A) Normal: Erytlirm-vtrH, ,"..nnn,noo |.»-i rul.ir 

 millimeter; leucocytes. 10,000 per eulnc milli- 

 meter. 



(B) Erythrocytes, 4,500,000 per color millimeter; 

 leucocytes, 75.000 per cubic millimeter. 



(A) Characteristic changes noted on table. 



(B) Erythrocytes normal in size ami appearance, 

 except a slight reddish tinge. They retain 

 their bieoncavity for 30 minutes and then be- 

 come smaller and. globular. 



(A) Normal 



(H) Normal 



(A) Erythrocytes smaller, globular, more refrac- 

 tive. Leucocytes ; Ameboid movement present. 



(II) Erythrocytes full size, biconcave. Leucocy- 

 tes: Ameboid movement present. 



(A) Erythrocytes smaller, more refractive, slight 

 bieoncavity. Leucocytes normal. 



(B) Erythrocytes larger than (A) and show less 

 effect of venom. Leucocytes normal. 



(A) Erythrocytes smaller and more refractive... 



(B) Normal 



(A) Corpuscles normal 



(B) Normal 



(A) Corpuscles normal 



(B) Normal 



24 hours later. 



( \ i Normal 



(B) Normal, beginning ere- 

 nation. 



(A) Same 



(B) Erythrocytes smaller, 

 darker, anil the bieon- 

 cavity lost. Leucocytes 

 ameboid movement pre- 

 sent. 



( A ) Crenated 



(II) Crenated 



(A) Crenated 



(B) Crenated 



(A) Crenated 



(B) Normal 



(A) Same 



(B) Normal 



(A) Crenated 



(B) Normal 



(A) Crenated 



(B) Crenated 



48 hours later. 



i A | < 'nnatiou. 



1 1'») ( 'renal inn. 



(A) Same. 



(B) Same. 



(A ) Broken down. 



( B) Broken down. 



(A) Same. 



(B) Corpuscles small and 

 crenated. 



(A) Breaking down. 



(B) Breaking down. 



(A) Broken down. 



(B) Broken down. 



(A) Broken down. 



(B) Broken down. 



(A) Broken down. 



(B) Broken down. 



THE EFFECT OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SOLUTIONS UPON VENOM AND RABBIT'S 



BLOOD. 



A saturated solution of potassium permanganate in water brought in contact with an equal 

 amount of rabbit blood showed the corpuscles slightly stained with permanganate without any 

 alteration in their shape. The ameboid movement was stopped. When a 1 per cent aqueous 

 solution was used the same effect was noted. A saturated solution of potassium permanganate 

 was then brought in contact with blood which had been mixed with an equal quantity of venom, 

 and it was found that the corpuscles regained their normal size and were no longer adhesive, but 

 they were considerably stained by the solution used. When 1 per cent solution of potassium 

 permanganate was used upon the affected blood the corpuscles regained their normal shape, but 

 not as quickly as when the stronger solution of potassium permanganate was used. When 

 weaker dilutions of potassium permanganate were brought in contact with blood affected by 

 venom there was little or no effect, thus showing that the weak solution of potassium perman- 

 ganate was unable to counteract the powerful effect of the venom. 



THE ACTION OF VENOM UPON THE BLOOD OF A RABBIT WHICH HAD RECEIVED SUB- 

 CUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE. 



Five centigrams of potassium permanganate in live cubic centimeters of distilled water were 

 injected subcutaneously each day for one week, and the blood was then tested with the various 

 solutions of venom. It was found that there was no apparent protective effect from the injec- 

 tions, and the venom acted on the blood in the usual way. 



EFFECT OF POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE UPON VEMON AND BLOOD OF THE MONKEY. 



The saturated aqueous solution of potassium permanganate mixed with the normal blood gives 

 only a very slight increase in the size of the erythrocytes. If the blood and venom were mixed 

 so as to alter the corpuscles, and then brought in contact with the potassium of permanganate 

 solution, the erythrocytes would be seen to again assume their normal size, micromilliineters in 

 diameter. The bieoncavity returned and the corpuscles were not broken down for weeks. 



Blood and venom, equal parts, brought in contact with 1 per cent solution of potassium 

 permanganate did not show the marked effect seen when the saturated solution was used. 



Equal parts of blood and a normal saline solution containing 10 per cent of venom brought 

 in contact with a 1 per cent solution of potassium permanganate. The effect of venom immedi- 

 ately disappeared. 



