MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



275 



and those without alcohol, the latter being taken as a basis (100 per cent). The corresponding 

 value- for total and proportional energy measured as heat in the two classes of experiments are 



shown in the last two columns of the table. Thus, in the average of all the experiments without 

 alcohol the energy of the material actually oxidized was 2.717 calories. In the average of all the 

 experiments with alcohol it was 2,746 calories. The latter was L01.1 per cent of the former. 



Table It;. — i 'omparison of eni rgy of material oxidized and heat given off int cperiments with and without alcohol. 



[Averages per 'lay.] 



EXPERIMENTS MORE DIRECTLY COMPARABLE 



Average of work and rest experiments. 



Without alcohol (9 experiments i 



With alcohol (0 experiments i 



EXPERIMENTS LESS DIRECTLY COMPARABLE. 



Average of rest experiments. 



Without alcohol i 4 experiments) 



With alcohol ( 7 experiments ) 



AVERAGE OF ALL ABOVE EXPERIMENTS. 



Group* A— I. 



Without alcohol (13 experiments) 



With alcohol (13 experiments) 



Energy of material <<xi- 

 dized. 



Calories. 



2, 9L'.! 



2,941 



2,302 

 2,356 



2.717 

 2, 746 



Pi r ct nt. c 

 LOO.O 

 100. 5 



100. 

 102. 4 



li ii I. n 

 101. 1 



Heat gn en off.' 



( 'aiories 

 2,946 



2. 949 



2, 277 

 2. 358 



2, 72:: 

 2.752 



Pi r e< ut 

 100.0 

 100. 1 



100.0 

 103.5 



100. 

 101.1 



There was slightly more fuel burned and more heat given off from the bodies of the men when 

 they had alcohol in their diet than when they had the same amount of protein and energy in a 

 diet without alcohol, but with conditions otherwise similar. The differences, however, were very 

 small: in the more directly comparable experiments the excess of fuel burned with the alcohol 

 diet, as measured in calories, was only five parts and that of heat given off only one part in 1,000. 

 In the less directly comparable experiments the differences were larger, but still small. 



The quantities of total food were generally below rather than above the requirements of the 

 body, especially in the work experiments, as may be seen from Table CXX of the Appendix. 

 The general results of experiment imply that under such circumstances the body makes economical 

 use of its food and its reserve supply of material. The fact, therefore, that under these conditions 

 the oxidation of material and radiation of heat were so nearly the same with the rations with and 

 without alcohol add still greater force to the comparison. 



The conclusion is that in these, experiments, with three different men at rest and at work, 

 when 72 grams of alcohol per day taken in six doses and furnishing 500 calories of energy 

 replaced the isodynamic amounts of fats and carbohydrates, the alcohol caused no considerable 

 increase in the amount of heat radiated from the body. 



If the alcohol in these experiments had all been taken at one dose, it might have caused the 

 cutaneous vessels to dilate, stimulated the sweat glands (?), and increased the circulation, and 

 thus increased the heat radiation. If there had been enough to cause the ordinary symptoms of 

 intoxication, and especially if it had sufficed to induce the comatose condition for which the 

 expression ""dead drunk" is used, and if the men had at the same time been exposed to severe 



"A difference so small as this i-^ well inside the range of unavoidable errorin single experiments. It is only 

 where a large number of such experiments are averaged that differences of one or two parts in one hundred could 

 probably be regarded as significant. 



'Including heat equivalent of external muscular work in the \M>rk experiments. 



1 Of amount oxidized without alcohol. 



