no. i. BOMBYCINE MOTHS OF NORTH AMERICA— PACKARD. 1 55 



plate, bright coral red, paler than head, the red extending down to lateral distinct tubercles. 

 Body dark brown, with numerous irregular whitish setiferous solid tubercles of varying size; 

 each segment with six large coral red conical tubercles, each bearing a central hair and six stiff 

 spimdes, which are much shorter than the hairs. On the eighth abdominal segment is a double 

 tubercle, resulting from the partial fusion of the original two tubercles; it is paler red than the 

 single tubercles, each half has a central hair, and six to seven spinules, long and sharp, spreading 

 out. End of body (tenth segment) deep coral red, including anal legs, and without the white 

 filiferous tubercles. All the legs deep coral red. More like an Attacine than a Hemileucid 

 caterpillar. 



Cocoon. — Fenestrated, golden yellow. Pupa saturnian-like. 



SATURNIA Schrank. 

 Plate XCIX (Saturnia a. str.); C. fig. 1 (Eudia). 

 [Saturnia Schrank, Fauna Boica, II )1(, p. 149 (1802).] 



[Dr. Packard left a series of notes, which he doubtless intended to rearrange and amplify.] 



Imago. — S. pavonia (carpini) [ = S. pavonia-minor (L)] is the most generalized form; red- 

 dish-brown fore wing, yellowish hind wing, and in male more yellow beneath. The male ia 

 more aberrant than the fe^nale, more plastic than in mendocino, where the sexes are very closely 

 alike. Antennae of female with shortest (conical) pectinations. Fore wing falcate, with four 

 bands, five on under side; hind wing with four bands, with a tendency for the fourth or submar- 

 ginal to be divided into two, the inner side specialized into a band (along discal venule). Ocelli 

 large, alike on both pairs of wings; a central linear or curvilinear mark; there is a tendency 

 for the white scales to fall off and leave nude space. An incipient subapical eye-patch (cf Samia 

 etc.) in second apical cell. Female abdomen of S. carpini and pyri banded with white. 



In S. pyri [ = S. pavonia-major (L)] the incipient eye is wanting; no red scales, but a sub- 

 costal black spot; eyes on hind wing very slightly larger than on fore wing. In S. pyri the 

 sexes are colored and marked alike; the female antennae are well pectinated; the ocelli are 

 more diffuse and specialized than in S. carpini, also more elongated, the yellow ring replaced 

 by a pale Vandyke brown ring, the blue semicircle replaced by white, which absorbs the brown 

 semicircle of carpini, and between the white semicircle and the outer black ring is a half ring 

 of brown madder; thus the ocellus is less generalized, more specialized. In S. galbina {Agapema 

 Neum. and Dyar) the size is small, the colors paler than in pyri and carpini; the male has four 

 bands, two basal ones separate on under side of fore wings, only two outer bands present; 

 female antennae well pectinated. The ocelli of galbina show a yellow ring inclosing black, 

 crossed by vitreous lines; blue half ring, and outer ring black; the ocellus on hind wing is a 

 little smaller. In Calosaturnia mendocino there are no cross bands. In S. carpini on under 

 side are five bands or lines on both wings, so that this represents perhaps a more primitive 

 condition than the upper side, and the modification has taken place from beneath up (cf Eimer). 



Larva. — [Stage I:] Eggs of S. pavonia-minor received from Switzerland; hatched out 

 March 25. Head and body jet black, also the hairs; at first after hatching the tubercles and 

 legs are livid greenish-white. Head dull shining black, not bright and smooth. Longer hairs 

 considerably longer than body. Body widest at thoracic segments, thence tapering to end. 

 Two dorsal tubercles on eighth abdominal segment, of the same size and shape as on all the 

 others. 



Larva [mature]. — S. spini k'as four tubercles on eighth abdominal segment as in pyri; the 

 tubercles are red and large, with larger, stouter spines than in pyri; spini also is more hairy. 

 The tubercles of pyri are simpler, and spini is probably nearer to pavonia-minor. 



[The species of Saturnia are listed as follows by Rothschild, Nov. Zool. II (1895), p. 49:] 



1. S. pavonia-major (L). 



2. S. atlantica Luc. 



ab. numida Aust. 



3. S. pyretorum Westw. [Jordan has recently placed this in a new genus.] 



