172 MEMOIRS NATION AL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. vol. xn, 



3. C. Jielena (White). [Australia, Tasmania.] 



4. C. intermedia (Luc). [Gippsland, Brisbane.] 



5. C. eucalypti (Scott). [Sydney, N. S. W.] 



[Mr. J. H. Watson (litt. 1912) writes: "Caligula has its type thibeta (Moore)", a species not 

 included in the above list.] 



[Venation: In the Asiatic C. simla and japonica (Dictyoploca Jordan), III lra , are all joined 

 to end. In the Australian C. Jielena, IIIj, III 2 , and III 3 are all separate. The Australian 

 species are to be placed in a new genus Austrocaligula, type Austrocaligula helena (Saturnia 

 Jielena White, 1843).] 



CALIGULA [DICTYOPLOCA] JAPONICA Moore. 



Plates XXVIII, figs. 1*, 2-5; XL, fig. 4; XLII, figs. 1-4. 



Caligula japonica Moore (pupa case), Trans. Ent. Soc. London, (3) 1, p. 322, 1862. Technologist, No. 37, p. 7. imago 



1862. 

 Caligula japonica Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) XX, p. 479, 1877. Illustrations of Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., II, 



p. 16, PI. XXVI, fig. 2, 1878. 



9 . Differs from 9 Antheraea pernyi and yama-mai by the less acute fore wing, which is 

 less falcate, and the antennae with shorter feebler pectinations. No extradiscal broad band, 

 but instead two zigzag parallel faint brown lines. Ocelli on fore wing one half as large as in 

 yama-mai, the yellow center of ocellus of hind wing of yama-mai replaced by fawn brown. Its 

 primitive character is seen in the fine transverse lines, two near base, one extradiscal, in one of 

 the females passing through the ocellus, and two halfway between eye and edge of wing. The 

 lines less distinct beneath. Subapical black spot present. A white oblique streak on first 

 apical cell. Two females from Japan, Clark collection (Brown University). 



A large number of the eggs of this species were received through the kindness of Prof. C. 

 Sasaki of the Agricultural College, Imperial University, at Tokio. They began to hatch March 

 31. Many of the eggs contained Pteromalid parasites in the pupa state; these emerged at the 

 same time as the larvae, and probably stung them, since they all died before completing their 

 transformations, though several molted five, and one six times. 



It being too early for the natural food, which Prof. Sasaki informs me is the chestnut 

 (though the buds were given them), they ate sparingly at first of willow buds, and afterwards 

 the leaves, so that after stage II the larvae were apparently undersized, and the measurements 

 here given will probably not apply to those raised in the air in their native country. 



Egg. — Cylindrical, more so than usual; each end obtuse and well rounded; the shell is of 

 a peculiar dull whitish-gray hue, irregularly mottled with blackish. The surface is seen under 

 a strong lens to be finely pitted. Length 2 mm. ; diameter 1 mm. The hole eaten by the larva 

 for its exit is situated at the extreme end. 



Larva. — Stage I: Length when hatched 5-6 mm.; width of head 1.01 mm. The head is 

 nearly as wide as the body, jet black. The larva is of the usual Saturnian type, and appears 

 much as in that of Telea and Tropaea; the body cylindrical, rather thick, though a little slenderer 

 than in Telea, etc., and with two separate dorsal tubercles; and is armed with large tubercles, 

 which give rise to radiating dark setae. The tubercles are black like the body. 



On March 31 all were black, but on the next day (Apr. 1) in three examples the tubercles 

 were livid white, as also the midabdominal legs; while the hairs on the back from the dorsal 

 and supraspiracular tubercles are black, those on the side of the body are pale. Yet these 

 individuals had not freshly hatched, as there were no egg shells in the box with them. 



The tubercles and their size relative to the body much as in other Attacine larvae in their 

 first stage; they are high, well developed. Those of the tergum of the prothoracic segment 

 are minute, arising from a pale plate or area, and are about a fifth to a quarter as large as those 

 on the segments behind. On thoracic segments 2 and 3 and on the abdominal segments all 

 the tubercles of the two dorsal rows are a little higher than thick, giving rise to eight to nine 

 dark radiating unequal hairs, one or two of which are longer, sometimes nearly twice as long 

 as the others; they are on the average about one-half as long as the body is thick. They are 



