186 MEMOIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. vol. xii, 



After an examination of the types of gnoma, aliena, and dulcinea of Mr. Butler in the British 

 Museum, I am disposed to consider them as synonyms of artemis. Whether they are examples 

 of local forms or races, or seasonal forms, or simply individual variations remains to be seen. 

 [Dr. K. Jordan recognizes three subspecies: (1) artemis proper, from Amurland and Askold, 

 with an ab. caeca Stgr., without ocelli; (2) aliena Butler, from Yezzo and the Main Island of 

 Japan; (3) xenia Jordan, from Okinawa, Liu-kiu Island. Jordan gives the name ab. flavicollis 

 to a specimen in which the wine-red color of the costal margin, collar, and legs is replaced by 

 pale yellow.] 



The tail of the 9 artemis is variable in length and width. The extradiscal line is more or 

 less distinct; in some S s and 9 s obsolete. There is a single line on the hind wings; in one 9 

 are to be seen faint traces of a submarginal line. 



In Butler's type of dulcinea there are no lines; the fringe is pale yellowish. Maassen also 

 asserts, to quote Mr. Butler, that dulcinea is no tiling else than T. artemis (p. 15). In his type 

 of gnoma the fringe is white. Of his type of aliena, there are in the British Museum three s 

 and one 9 . I was unable to perceive any notable differences between these and the examples 

 of normal artemis {gnoma). In one 9 the extradiscal Line is much nearer the outer edge than 

 in the others. The tails of the d are longer and the lines are heavier than in any artemis. 

 The ocelli are a little larger and shghtly rounder, but the coloration is the same. The fringe of 

 the outer edge is yellow. The 9 s are the same as 9 artemis, the ocelh being of the same size 

 and shape, and the shape and length of the tail are the same. 



Geographical distribution. — Pekin, China; Bureja Mountains (Bremer); Yokohama, Japan 

 (Swinhoe); Tokio, Yokohama, Nikko (British Museum), Island of Askold, Siberia, near Vladi- 

 vostock (Oberthur). Apparently ranges over northern China, Japan, and probably extends 

 into Manchuria and southeastern Siberia. 



"Tropaea dulcinea. S . Form of T. gnoma, excepting that the primaries are rather more 

 elongated; most nearly allied to T. artemis, but differing hi the absence of the white costal 

 margin to the primaries, of the plum-colored band at the back of the head, and of the band on 

 the under surface of the wings; the front wings are also decidedly longer; wings pale green, 

 white at the base, and with white internal fringes; fringe of outer margin pale stramineous; 

 ocelh small, oval, stramineous, with slender linear transparent pupil, and bounded internally 

 by a white-edged black-curved litura; primaries with plum-colored costal border; body white, 

 back of collar plum-colored; antennas testaceous; expanse of wings, 5 inches 3 lines. Male, 

 Tokei (Fenton)." [Dr. K. Jordan makes dulcinea a synonym of gnoma, which he considers a 

 valid subspecies of A. selene. Staudinger's mandschurica is a link between gnoma and ning- 

 poana, as it is now restricted by Jordan. It comes from the Amur and Ussuri districts.] 



3 Tropaea gnoma. "Allied to T. artemis, but smaller, of a bluer green; the veins brown 

 instead of white; the fringe whitish, and the tails of the secondaries much narrower, longer, 

 and more divergent. Expanse, 3 inches 9 lines. Yokohama (Jonas)." On comparing my 

 o* specimen with Butler's figure, the veins are partly brown, and the fringe partly whitish; the 

 tails are slightly longer and narrower than in Butler's figure. The discal spots are more distinct; 

 they are represented by Butler as being very faint, with no dark semicirclar hne, or any decided 

 yellow, but he says nothing of these spots. 



"Tropaea aliena, n. sp. (No. 323). 3 . Wings above pale yellowish green, 1 white at the 

 base and along the abdominal border of secondaries; the usual small oval ocelh closing the 

 discoidal cells; a shghtly sinuous yellowish olivaceous discal stripe from costa of primaries to 

 abdominal margin of secondaries; fringe pale sandy yellow; primaries with a. second, irregular, 

 oblique, subbasal, yellowish olivaceous stripe; costal border sordid plum color, densely irrorated 

 in front with white scales, and bounded behind by a black stripe; body white; the head, collar, 

 margins of the thorax, and abdomen shghtly yellowish; a broad belt of dark plum color across 

 the pro thorax and tegulae; antennae bright testaceous: hind margin of eyes red. Wings 



i Probably emerald green when fresh from the chrysalis, as there are traces of this color on the undersides of the wings. 



