no. i. BOMBYCINE MOTHS OF NOETH AMERICA— PACKARD. 241 



olive green as in the cynthia from China. The white lines are narrower; discal spots longer 

 and narrower; the extradiscal line is much farther from the basal white line, not meeting, as 

 in the Assam race. In the ocellus the white line is more open, not so closely curved. The 

 fore wings are more falcate and narrower, but the hind wings of nearly the same shape. In 

 the hind wings the extradiscal line is less regularly incurved and is irregular, sinuous, and farther 

 from the discal spot. It is also much larger. 



Expanse of fore wings, 6" 140 nun.; fore wings, 70 by 30 mm.; hind wings, 52 by 



32 mm. 

 Expanse of fore wings, ? 145 mm.; fore wings, 78 by 35 mm.; hind wings, 55 by 

 38 mm. 



[According to TJirby, Rothschild, and others, the Javan insect (Satumia insularis Voll.) 

 is the genuine cynthia of Drury. Dr. Dyar remarks (in litt., March, 1912): "Drury's figure 

 is quite unlike ours in having pale rays on the veins of hind wing from the pale band, which 

 never occurs in our cynthia. This marking is well marked in a species from Java before me 

 (presumably insularis Voll.)." In a later letter he refers to the species from Java as "the 

 real cynthia."] 



[The following notes, copied by Mrs. Packard from rough memoranda of Dr. Packard 

 appear to be of later date than the above:] 



One 6* cynthia from Jaintia Hill, Assam, and one S , ? , from Punjab, India. All differ 

 from Canton, China [example], one s in the hind wing being full and convex on outer edge, 

 almost as much so as in American race. All are ochreous and nearly identical in hue with 

 Chinese. The ocellus is rounder and the semicircular white line is slightly less oblique than in 

 the Chinese. The discal spot on hind wing more bent than in Chinese, and extradiscal line on 

 hind wing is near orange. 



Assam (male) : Length fore wing, 72 by 35 ; hind wing, 55 by 35 ; convexity, 9-10. Discal 

 spot fore wing, 19 by 4; hind wing, 9 by 5; ocellus, 4 by 5. 



While the Indian examples are much alike, there are indications, which more examples 

 might confirm, that the Jaintia Hill, Assam, differs locally from the Punjab (though it is an 

 introduced and domestic form in Indies, as I understand it), the Assam J compared with 

 Punjab & is larger, discal spots wider, that of hind wing more bent or suddenly curved. In 

 all these respects the Assam is like (except in hue) the American race; i. e., ocellus, shape of 

 discal spots, and fullness of outer edge of hind wing. 



6* Punjab: Fore wing, <54 by 31; hind wing, 48 by 32; fore wing discal spot, 10 by 3; 

 hind wing, 11 by 3. 



9 [fore wing], 68 by 38; hind wing, 52 by 37; forewing discal spot, 14 by 3; hind wing, 

 12 by 3%; convexity, 10-11 mm. 



Philosamia cynthia; new adventive American race. 



In 1875, in his "Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic," 

 Strecker called attention to this new race or "Darwinian species," stating that "after a several 

 years' acclimitization in the United States a curious change takes place ; the fore wings become 

 less falcate (being now not more so than in ceanothi, angulifera, etc.), the secondaries much less 

 elongated and all wings increased .much in breadth ; the discal lines also become shorter and 

 broader, more like those of cecropia, and we can now place the insect in Platysamia. 



"The Chinese examples in my cabinet average 5 inches in expanse, those raised from eggs 

 brought from China the same. The first brood, raised from ova deposited by the latter were 

 all small, averaging only 4 inches, but preserved the typical Asiatic form. Afterwards I let 

 all fly as they emerged, and those that issued from cocoons collected in the woods near Reading, 

 four or five years later (doubtless the descendants of those that I let loose), averaged 5J inches 

 and were as broad winged and unAsiatic in appearance as cecropia and allies" (p. 103). 



This adds another case to the list of new climatic races arising in North America from 

 European or Asiatic parent species. It should be said that Dr. Strecker's statements will apply 

 83570°— 14- 16 



