MEMOIRS OF rilK X.VPIOxXAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 73 



SUMMAKY OK THK K.Vl.IKNT FKATIUKS IN TIIK ONTOOENY OK ADELOCKIMIALA BItOLOK. 



A. — dnti/i'iutdl ilHiriicfirx of tlii- Jurrii. (ill (ipjuiiriiKj ni nfiiiji I. 



1. Tlie two piiirs of cnoniums spines of second and third tlionu-ic sej^ineiits, one-half as long 

 as the body, and endiny in a two-spined. large, flattened, dark bulb; freely iiiova})le and plainly 

 defensive in function. 



2. The large, reddish, spiny •■ caudal horn." on tiie eighth uroinere, ending in two bristles. 



3. The double pilif erous tubercle on the ninth uromere, becoming obsolete in stages IV and V. 



4. The abdominal region is longitudinally striped with dark and whitish bands. })ut there are 

 no transverse marks in stage I or in later stages. 



B. — Ei'ol lit 1(111 (if I (iter iidajitatiinud chiirocfcrK. 



i. The head slightly angular, face subtriangular. with a light brown or greenish lateral 

 stripe (stages II-V). 



2.' Appearance of a transverse row of dorsal granulations on the hinder end of each segment 

 in stage II. persisting through larval life. 



3. The eight thoracic spines lose their bulbous tips, and })ecome simply slightly forked in 

 stage III, and later. 



4. The two dorsal spines of uromeres 1-7 are in stage II larger than the others; in stage 

 III they become ivory-white externally, and in stage IV larger and silvery white on the outside. 



5. In the last two stages the eight thoracic spines become very much shorter in proportion 

 to the size of the body and become less movable; as they decline in size and functional impor- 

 tance, the metallic, silvery, dorsal spines on the abdominal segments become con.spicuous and 

 apparently useful to the larva. 



One larva, 36-37 mm. in length, ceased feeding August 7. and tjcgan to pupate, but 1 did 

 not carr}' any into the pupa stage. 



What Doctor Jewett means by saying that '" the larvw change only in size during the last 

 moult," we do not understand, as the increase, so far as we have noticed, is gradual from stage I 

 to V, as in other larva?. The brood which Doctor Jewett raised in Ohio " began to quit feeding 

 on the "ioth of June, entering the ground within a few hours after ceasing to eat. Then they 

 pupated within an oval cell lined with a thin cocoon of silk, but tirst casting its skin on the 24th. 

 The pupa is at tirst bright green, but changes to jet black in a few hours. 



•• Imagines began to appear on July 3. and had nearly all emerged l)y July lo. The insect 

 is three-brooded here, hibernating in pupa. Although the large majority of each brood follows 

 the cycle of development as described, yet a few of each brood are much slower in making their 

 changes. Thus a few of the brood did not complete their growth till the end of July, and three 

 pupa?, formed June 26, are still alive (February 2.'s), having hibernated. Other pupte of the 

 same brood disclosed their imagines at various periods during July and August. This accounts 

 for the fact that larva^ in all stages of development may be found at any time throughout the 

 summer till frost kills their food-plants." (Jewett.) 



The Sj^i/iingi'd ajflu I'ties.— This is the most Sphinx-like of any cei-atocampid or other bom- 

 bycid 1 know, resembling sphingid caterpillars in the following characters: 



1. The shape of the head and its markings. 



2. The shape of the body. 



3. The caudal horn. 



4. The large, square, heavy anal legs. 



5. The skin granulated with small white tubercles. 



6. The sphingid attitude. 



One can. when we take into account the larvie alone, well imagine that the Sphinges are, as 

 claimed by Mr. E. B. Poulton, descended from the Ceratocampida?. This view is also borne 

 out by the structure and subterranean habits of the pupa, and the structure of the moth, as 

 already stated. 



