136 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



reminds us forcibly of the peculiar odor of the English Broad Bean." I can confirm this state- 

 ment as regards the pupa. Its smell reminds one of the odor perceived in shelling- beans, and also 

 recalls that of crushed lettuce and of Jaudanum. It is quite strong and like that of Spilosoma 

 and of Esth/Dieneaci'sea. It smells more at the end of the body than near the head, doubtless the 

 glands being near the rectum. 



Ilahlfs. — It changes to a chrysalis in the earth. As earl\- as July 20, lS3ii, Doctor Harris 

 found on the black walnut a freshly hatched larva of this regal moth, and a few davs later, on the 

 4th or 5th of August, he discovered two large flattened eggs from which similar larvie were at 

 that time hatched. It shed its skin July 21, a. m., and molted again July 2.5. Kiley states that 

 it is single-lirooded in Missouri. It sometimes remains in the ground, in the chrvsalis state, fully 

 eleven months of the year. "The moths in the latitude of St. Louis usually issue during the last 

 half of June, and the caterpillars are found full-grown from the middle of August to the middle 

 of September." (Riley.) 



While this fine species is very rare north of New York it is also scarce in the Middle and 

 Southern States. The Texan 9 collected by Mr. Boll differs froni the northern examples in 

 wanting the hinder spots on the fore wings. 



In Georgia it is said by Abbot and Smith to be double-brooded. The moth is known as the 

 regal walnut moth, and the caterpillar as the "hickory horned devil." 



Feeding Jtuhits of the moth. — Mr. Druce while sugaring for moths observed on the trunk 

 of a small ash tree a splendid C. regalin sipping the sugar with all the enjoyment of a Catocala 

 (Papilio ii, p. 188). Mr. R. Bunker has observed, according to Grote, that C. regalis "occa- 

 sionally comes to bait after the fashion of a Si^hinx" (Hawk Moths of North America, Bremen, 

 1886, p. 55). 



GeograjihicaJ distrlhidion. — This species has not yet been detected north of Cambi'idge, Mass. 

 (Harris); Larva from North Leverett, Mass. (^lus. Comp. Zool.); Providence, R. I. (H. L. Clark, 

 T. E. B. Pope); Foster, R. I. (T. E. B. Pope); Phoenix, R. I. (W. W. Bailey): New Jersey (not 

 common; generally distributed, Smith); New York (Grote, Joutel); Ithaca, N. Y. (Slingerland); 

 Missouri, southern Illinois, where it is quite scai-ce (Riley); New Harmony, Ind. (Mus. Comp. 

 ZooL); Peoria, 111. (Dr. Ordway, M. C. Z.); Kentucky (F. G. Sanborn, M. C. Z.); Crescent City, 

 Fla. (H. G. Hul>bard); "\\'oodville. Miss. (Phares) (not uncommonh- met with); Dallas, Tex. (Boll); 

 Louisiana (\V. Sargent, M. C. Z.). 



^^'hether North Leverett, Mass., is in a cooler, more northern region than Camliridge we 

 do not know; it is in the Connecticut Vallej', lat. 42° 30', and in presumablj' as mild a climate as 

 Camljridgc. In our iNIap VIII we have drawn a loop up the Connecticut River at Leverett. 



The southern limits of this moth have not yd been worked out. It has not yet been reported 

 from Texas; it is not mentioned by Druce (Biologia Centrali-Americana) as occurring in Central 

 America. What is mentioned by Burmeister as C. regaJlx.^ is O. hrissotH, but no locality i.4 given, 

 and we take it, this example came from Rio de Janeiro. The locality of Cramer's specimen is 

 given as Bengal, while StoU's example is stated to have been collected in North America. 



L(iri'<(l hrluo'ior. — Doctor Harris tlius describes the behavior of three young larv»: "Thej- 

 were just hatched at the time, and the caterpillars were near to them, resting on a leaf. The 

 position of these young insects was so peculiar as to attract attention, independently of the long 

 branching spines witii which the fore part will have to follow tiie original of their body was armed. 

 They were not stretched out in a straight line, neither were they hunched up like the caterpillars 

 of the Luna and Polyphenuis motiis; but, when at rest, they bent the fore part of the body side- 

 ways, so that the head nearly touched the middle of the side, and their long horn-like spines were 

 sti'ctclied forward in a slanting direction over the head. AVhen disturbed, they raised their heads 

 and horns, antl shook them fi-om side to side in a menacing manner." (Treatise Ins., p. 400.) 



Riley, speaking of the "truly formidable" caterpillai- when fully grown, adds: "While a 

 peculiar hal)it which it has of spitefully wriggling from side to side, very ludike the up-and-down 

 movement of the Sphinx tribe of cater])illars, gives it a still more menacing appearance, yet it is 

 entirely harmless and can not possil)ly hurt iuiyone, for, as we have pi'oved l>v experiment, the 



