is deep, dividing it into two Iveels, tlie face is said to be quadrkarhfatc. The two 

 lateral carina extend downward from tlie front margin of tlie eyes, often 

 bending outward toward the corners of the face. Between the frontal costa 

 and lateral caringe are the antennal foveolce, or pits, in which the antenna' are 

 inserted. The cheeks {genoi) are the convex portions of the sides below 

 and rather behind the eyes. 



Sometimes the tiice is detiexed ; that is, directed under and backward 

 toward the breast {Tr)jxalis, PL, Fig. 12; Opomala, PL, Fig. IG; Oxy- 

 coryi)hus, PL, Fig. G; PyrgoDiorplia, PL, Fig. 10, &c.); but generally it 

 is vertical, or nearly so (see PL, Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 5). 



Tlie portion of the head described constitutes the skull, on which are 

 placed the eyes {oculi), the simple eyes (ocelli), and the antennoi. The posi- 

 tion and shape of the eyes afford both generic and specific characters; as 

 regards position, whether on the sides or advanced near the fronts approxi- 

 mate to, or distant from each other, prominent or the opposite, oblique or 

 vertical; in respect- to the shape, whether they are globose, ovoid, elliptical, 

 elongate, or pyriform. 



There are three simjile eyes {ocelli) : one (ocellus) is placed immediately 

 above the base of each antennas and near the margin of the eye, and one in 

 the frontal costa between the antenntc. 



The anteiince (Fig. 1, an) are inserted in the front of the head a little 

 below the eyes, and consist of a number of joints, varying, according to the 

 species or genera, from fourteen to twenty-four;* they seldom exceed one- 

 half of the body in length, but (in the North American species) are always 

 longer than the head; the usual form is cylindrical, but in many species they 

 are enlarged and prismatic at the base, and in a few are somewhat enlarged 

 at the tips. The joints are numbered from the base toward the apex, the 

 first joint being the largest and suli-globose, or somewhat flattened. The 

 face is terminated below by a transverse suture, called the clypeal or nasal 

 suture (see PL, Fig. 17). The clypeus (Fig. 1, cl ; PL, Fig. \lh) i.s 

 the next piece below the suture, and is usually in the form of a transverse 

 parallelogram, and "tucked" at the sides. Attached to the lower margin of 

 this is the labrum (Fig. 1, lb; PL, Fig. 1 7f) or upper lip, the lower 

 corners rounded, and tiie lower margin generally notched ; the upper Iialf has a 

 quadrangular impi-ession, giving this jiortion the appearance of a separate square 



* la some exotic species, as the Proscopim, the number is reduced to seven or eight. 



