104 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



the Dasj/podidce or Armadillos, of which one species has crept 

 northward as far as Texas. Almost equally characteristic are the 

 numerous Opossums, the majority of which belong to the genus 

 Didelplujs. Finally, it should be observed that the West Indies are 

 distinguished from the rest of the region by the absence of Primates, 

 Carnivora, and Edentates. 



Aquatic Mammals. — Many mammals grouped for the present 

 purpose as terrestrial pass a great portion of their lives in brooks, 

 lakes, or rivers, and, being dependent upon such waters for ob- 

 taining their subsistence, are necessarily confined to their vicinity ; 

 but the truly aquatic mammals, or those living constantly in the 

 water, and unable to move their quarters from place to place by 

 land, are the orders Cetacea and Sirenia, with which may also be 

 grouped the Seals, forming the Pinniped division of the order 

 Carnivora. 



For the marine Cetacea, animals mostly of large size and 

 endowed with powers of rapid locomotion, there are obviously no 

 barriers to universal distribution over the surface of the earth 

 covered by sea, except such as are interposed by uncongenial 

 temperature or absence of suitable food. Nevertheless it was 

 thought some years ago that the fact of a Whale or a Dolphin 

 occurring in a sea distant from that in which it had usually been 

 found was sufficient justification for considering it as a distinct 

 species and imposing a new name upon it. There are now, 

 however, so many cases known in which Cetaceans from the 

 northern and southern seas, from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, 

 present absolutely no distinguishing external or anatomical charac- 

 ters upon which specific determination can be based that the 

 opposite view is gaining ground ; and, since some species are un- 

 doubtedly very widely distributed, being in fact almost cosmopolitan, 

 there seems little reason why many others should not be included in 

 the same category. The evidence is satisfactory enough in those 

 instances in which the intermediate regions are inhabited by the same 

 forms ; — the cases of " continuous areas " of distribution. In those in 

 which the areas of distribution are apparently discontinuous, there 

 may be more room for doubt ; but it must not be forgotten that the 

 negative evidence is here of much less value than in the case of 

 land animals, since the existence of Cetaceans in any particular part 

 of the ocean may be easily overlooked. The great Sperm Whale 

 (Physet&r macrocephalus) is known to be almost cosmopolitan, in- 

 habiting or passing through all the tropical and temperate seas, 

 although not found near either pole. At least three of the well- 

 known species of Korqual (Bahenoptera) of the British coasts are 

 represented in the North Pacific, on the South American shores, 

 and near New Zealand, by species so closely allied that it is difficult 

 to point out any valid distinctive characters, though it may perhaps 



