RHIXOCEROTID.i: 



405 



shows, was of this species. It was sent from India to Emmanuel, 

 King of Portugal, in 1513; and from a sketch of it, taken in 

 Lisbon, Albert Purer composed his celebrated but rather fanciful 

 engraving, which was reproduced in so many old books on natural 

 history. Both in this and the following species the post-glenoid 

 and post-tympanic processes of the squamosal bone of the skull 

 unite below so as to completely surround the external auditory 

 meatus. The molar teeth are hypsodont, and have a horizontal 

 plane of wear; those of the upper jaw (Fig. 168, b) being charac- 

 terised by the presence of a combing-plate joining the crotchet, and 



Fig. 169. — Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). This figure, and also figures 170, 172, 

 are reduced from drawings by J. Wolf, from animals living in the London Zoological Society's 

 Gardens. 



the absence of a distinct buttress at the antero-external angle. 

 The stomach departs from the ordinary Perissodactyle type. The 

 small intestine is beset over most of its surface with long and fine 

 villi ; and the Spigelian lobe of the liver is Avell developed. There 

 is a gland behind the foot. Teeth from the Pleistocene of the 

 Xarbada valley in India apparently indicate the existence of the 

 Indian Rhinoceros at that epoch. (2) The Javan Rhinoceros (B. 

 sondakus, Fig. 170) is a smaller form, readily distinguished by 

 dental and internal characters, as well as by the different arrange- 

 ment of the plications of the skin (as seen in the figures) ; the horn 

 in the female appears to be very little developed, if not altogether 

 absent. This species has a more extensive geographical range, 

 being found in the Bengal Sunderbans near Calcutta, Burma, the 

 Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, and probably Borneo. The molar 

 teeth have shorter crowns than in the preceding species, and Avear 

 into ridges ; those of the upper jaw (Fig. 168, a) having no combing- 



