PH 1 'LLOSTOMA TID.K 673 



from ChUonycteris by the great elevation of the crown of the head 

 above the line of the face, as well as by the basicranial plane being 

 Dearly at right angles to the facial. Both species are noticeable 

 for their peculiar physiognomy, as is shown in the accompanying 

 woodcut (Fig. 318). 



Subfamily Phyllostomatinse. — Nostrils opening on the upper 

 surface of the muzzle, the nasal apertures more or less surrounded 

 or margined by well-developed cutaneous appendages, forming a 

 distinct nose-leaf ; chin with warts. The numerous genera, most 

 of which can only be mentioned here by name, may be arranged 

 under four divisions. 



In the first or Vampirine division the muzzle is long and narrow 

 in front ; the distance between the eyes is generally less than, rarely 

 equal to, that from the eye to the extremity of the muzzle ; the 

 nose-leaf is well developed, horse-shoe shaped in front, and lanceolate 

 behind ; interfemoral membrane well developed ; tail generally 

 distinct, rarely absent ; inner margin of the lips not fringed. The 

 dentition is : i -.^-, c ±, p -gzjf > m § > total 32. The cusps of the 

 upper molars are usually well developed, and arranged in a W. 

 Nearly all the species of this division appear to be insectivorous, so 

 that the name applied to them must not be considered as having 

 any relation to their habits. Vampyrus spectrum, a large Bat 

 inhabiting Brazil, of forbidding aspect, which was long considered 

 by naturalists to be sanguivorous in its habits, and named accord- 

 ingly by Geoffroy, has been shown by the observations of modern 

 travellers to be mainly frugivorous, and is considered by the 

 inhabitants of the countries in Avhich it is found to be perfectly 

 harmless. It is the largest Bat in America, the length of the 

 forearm being 4*2 inches. Otopterus waterhousei appears to prey 

 occasionally on small species of Bats, like Megaderma lyra of the 

 eastern hemisphere, which it resembles in many respects. 



Lonchorhina, 1 Otopterus? and DoMchophyllwm? — These three genera 

 are characterised by the tail continuing to the hinder margin of the 

 interfemoral membrane. Lonchorhina is represented by the single 

 species L. aurita, in which the nose-leaf is much elongated, and the 

 ear-conch and tragus are unusually large. 



Vampyrus, 4 etc. — In all the remaining genera of this division the 

 tail perforates the interfemoral membrane, so as to appear upon its 

 upper surface. These genera are Vampyrus, Lophostoma, Micronycteris, 5 



1 Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 81. - New name : Syn. Macrotus ; 



Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 21. Preoccupied by Mm- rut is, Dej. 1833. 

 3 New name: Syn. Macropln/llum ; Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot. vol. ii. p. 489 (1838). 

 Preoccupied by Macrophylla, Hope, 1837. 4 Leach, Trans. Lin a. Soc. vol. 



xiii. pp. 74, 75 (1822). For the references to the other genera see Dobson, Cat. 

 Chiropt. Brit. Mas. 5 Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 113. Syn. Schizostoma ; 

 Gervais, 1855. Preoccupied by Broun, 1835. 



43 



