HAPAUDAZ 709 



of the Oriental region ; but, as already mentioned, outlying species 

 extend into various parts of the Palsearctic region. Macacus has 

 indeed a very wide distribution, extending from Gibraltar and 

 North Africa to Japan. The allied Cynojpithecus, represented only 

 by C. nig&r of Celebes, approximates to the Baboons ; while the one 

 species of Nasalis is peculiar to Borneo. Remains of Semnopithecus 

 and Macacus occur in the Tertiaries of India and Europe, which also 

 yield allied extinct types noticed in the sequel. 



In America, north of Panama, the genera known to be repre- 

 sented are Chrysothrix, Nyctipitliecus, Gebus, Ateles, Mycetes and 

 Hapale in Veragua ; Nyctipitliecus, Cebus, Ateles, and Mycetes in 

 Costa Rica and Nicaragua ; Ateles and Mycetes in Guatemala ; and 

 Ateles in Southern Mexico. Brazil is the headquarters of the 

 American Apes ; but different portions of that vast region have a 

 somewhat distinct Ape fauna. Thus the genus Eriodes appears in 

 South-Eastern Brazil to represent the species of Ateles inhabiting the 

 more northern and western parts of the empire. Southwards, the 

 genera Cebus, Mycetes, Chrysothrix, and Callithrix extend farthest; 

 but they do not probably all extend to the farthest limit yet known, 

 namely 30° S. The species found farthest south are Mycetes caraya, 

 Cebus fatuellus, and Callithrix personatus. 



Family HapalidtE. 



Dentition : if, c \, p %, m f- ; total 32. No bony external 

 auditory meatus, a broad internarial septum, and no cheek-pouches. 

 Tail non-prehensile ; no ischiatic callosities. Pollex not opposable ; 

 a long, curved, and pointed claw to all the digits except the hallux. 



This family, which includes the smallest representatives of the 

 suborder, commonly known as Marmosets, is confined to the New 

 World. In addition to the diagnostic characters given above, it may 

 be mentioned that the pollex is elongated and the hallux very 

 small, while the pectoral limbs are not longer than the pelvic pair ; 

 and the tail is long and more or less thickly covered with elongated 

 hairs. 



The dentition of the Marmosets sufficiently distinguishes them 

 from all other members of the suborder, although they are evidently 

 nearly allied to the Cebidce. The small size of the hallux, and the 

 total incapacity of the pollex to oppose itself in the least degree to 

 the other digits, as well as the presence of claws on all the digits of 

 the manus, are, however, equally characteristic features. These 

 animals (Fig. 337) are not larger than Squirrels, and are of active 

 arboreal habits, living in small companies, and adding insects to the 

 ordinary fruit diet. Frequently, as in the figured species, the head 

 is furnished on either side with a long tuft of hair projecting out- 

 wards and backwards. They give birth to as many as three young 



