SIM 11 P. K 



735 



may extend to the axilla. The ears are relatively small. The 

 skull is (if an elongated or dolichocephalic type ; that of the adult 

 male being characterised by the enormous development of the 

 supraorbital ridges," which form a kind of penthouse over the eyes, 

 and contribute to the peculiarly ferocious appearance of the animal. 

 The sagittal crest is also very large. The canine teeth of the male 

 are very large, and are inclined outwards in both jaws. In the 



Fig. 356.— The Gorilla (Gorilla savagei). From Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. iv. pi. 43. 



cheek-teeth the upper premolars are of considerable antero-posterior 

 extent, with their outer border placed in the same line as that of 

 the molars ; and the third upper molar is larger than either of the 

 others. 



The posterior cervical vertebrae are characterised by the great 

 height of their neural spines, which thus form a strong basis for 

 the powerful cervical muscles supporting the massive skull. In 

 some instances the fourth lumbal- vertebra becomes ankylosed to 

 the sacrum, as is occasionally found to be the case in some of the 

 lower human races. 



In the absence of a centrale to the carpus, and also in the 



