106 JOSEPH U. YARBROUGH 



two than with three boxes. This is readily explained on the 

 basis of the relative complexity of the problems, and the effect 

 of continued training. 



3. Behavior During Delay and After Release 



Four different types of behavior appeared in our experiments: 

 (1) The animal maintained an orientation of all its body during 

 the interval of delay, i.e., it kept both its head and body point- 

 ing toward the proper box; (2) the animal kept either its head 

 or its body in perfect orientation; (3) no observable part of the 

 animal's body was retained in constant position, i.e., the experi- 

 menter could detect no orientation cues used by the animal, 

 (4) the animal held some certain position in the box, i.e., it 

 actually went to the point in the release box nearest to the 

 proper compartment and there awaited to be released. Types 1, 

 2, and 3 will be combined for convenience in the discussion, and 

 will be followed by a consideration of 4. 



A. Orientation of whole or part of body. — Great pains were 



taken to insure accuracy in the recording of orientations. Records 



were kept not only of the body position, but of whether any 



observable part of the animal remained in a constant position 



during the delay period. Also note was made of any case where 



the animal turned partly or entirely around, as well as of the 



direction in which it turned. In order to obtain as accurate 



data as possible on orientation, a series of 300 tests were specially 



given where the orientations of both the head and body were 



recorded at the moment the door of the release box went up, and 



again when the animal made its first motion to leave the box. Tables 



VIII and IX give a summary of these reactions showing just 



what orientations preceded them. In the first table only those 



tests are recorded where the orientation was different when the 



animal started from what it was when the door went up. While 



in the second table all tests are recorded where the orientation 



was the same when the animal started as it was when the release 



door went up. 



TABLE VIII 

 When door went up: Correct Wrong 



Good orientation of head only 108 1 



Good orientation of body only 30 1 



Good orientation of head and body 1 18 



Poor orientation of head and body 18 24 



