112 NENOZO UTSURIKAWA 



problem, therefore, requires the measurement of the essential 

 components of temperament in order that comparisons of the 

 two strains may be made. 



Although the inquiry was directed mainly to temperamental 

 characteristics, differences in behavior of other sorts were noted 

 and may here be reported. From the anthropologist's point 

 of view, the study of close inbreeding and its consequences, 

 even in case of lower animals, is of extreme interest and of some 

 practical importance. Anthropological data concerning this mat- 

 ter are meager, and as Topinard remarks, " the question is still 

 sub judice." Possibly it is not far from the truth to say that 

 such information concerning man will long be lacking, whereas, 

 through the study of infra-human organisms, we can readily 

 approach reliable information. Infra-human psychology gains 

 in importance as it allies itself with human psychology, and 

 this paper, if not projected upon the background of larger human 

 interests, will lose much of its significance. 



There is such meager literature on temperamental character- 

 istics of lower animals that a historical summary is unnecessary. 

 The contribution of Basset 1 to the study of albino rats alone 

 has fairly direct bearing upon the materials of this paper. 



SUBJECTS 



Only albino rats were observed. All were obtained either 

 from the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology in Phila- 

 delphia or from Miss A. E. C. Lathrop, Granby, Mass. The 

 several inbred rats were from the inbred strain of the Wistar 

 Institute. We are greatly indebted for them to Dr. H. H. 

 Donaldson and Dr. H. D. King. The accompanying list sup- 

 plies the reader with all available data concerning individuals 

 on whom the observations of this report were made. 



Outbred Stock 

 Number Experiment 



of rat Source and parentage Date of birth begun 



251 &... .Granby* August 5, 1914 October 14, 1914 



252 9 " " ' " 



253 & " " 



254 9 " " 



1 Basset, G. C. Habit formation in a strain of albino rats of less than normal 

 brain weight. Behavior Monographs, 1914, 2, no. 4. 



