SIMILAR BEHAVIOR IN COW AND MAN 



335 



the car sharply to our left to avoid hitting her head with the 

 front fender of the car. As the front end of the car passed, 

 the cow jerked her head sharply to the left and thus avoided 

 collision with the rear end. 



The incident occurred about seven o'clock in the evening. 

 It was sufficiently dark so that objects to the human eye, when 

 dark adapted, gave only indistinct outlines. In the lighted 

 roadway in front of the car objects such as sticks, stones, and 

 uneven places in the road-bed could be seen distinctly. At 

 least four possibilities are open. The behavior of the cow may 

 indicate some form of heliotropism, or the difference in distinct- 

 ness of pathways may have operated to change the animal's 

 behavior. A third hypothesis might combine the two factors 

 suggested. We may also designate this behavior as habitual. 



T 



l 



A 



/it 



I 



D 



Fig. 2 



Fig. 2 gives the surroundings of the second incident. My 

 office is next door to the room outlined in the diagram. I was 

 working by electric light one evening at my own desk and had 

 occasion about eight o'clock to place some papers on the desk 

 of this adjoining room. I entered the room, laid the papers on 

 the desk, and returned to my own office. On my return, I found 

 I had failed to replace all of the papers. Picking up those 

 remaining, I retraced my steps. I placed the second set of 

 papers with the first and started to return. On reaching the 

 location indicated, B, my head jerked back and I turned ab- 

 ruptly to my left. I was not approaching the door as can be 

 seen from the diagram. 



