406 C. H. TURNER 



flights of insects are determined by the direction of the rays of 

 light; on the contrary, their movements appear to be regulated 

 by voluntary acts, which are induced by physiological needs, 

 fright, interest, habit, search for the female, etc. 

 Insects do not orient themselves towards either natural or arti- 

 ficial light in response to a physico-chemical force exerted by the 

 rays of light, but by voluntary and conscious acts aroused by 

 various conditions in the environment. . . . Responses 

 to heat and cold are not tropisms, but reactions to sensations." 



FEEDING AND HUNTING BEHAVIOR 



Baker and Turner (6) describe the feeding habits of the green 

 apple aphis; Barbey (8), of the larva of the long-horned beetle 

 Cerambyx herns; Brittain and Godderham (12), of Depressaria 

 heraclina; Clausen (14), of some Californian Coccinellidae ; 

 Cory (17), of the Columbine leaf miner; Cushman (22), of the 

 apple red-bugs; Hayes (41), of the maize bill-bug; Herri ck (43), 

 of the cherry-leaf beetle; Hungerford (49), of Sciara maggots; 

 Osborn (70), of several Maine leaf hoppers; Schoene (92, 93), 

 of the seed-corn maggot and of the turnip maggot; Warren (113), 

 of the Hawaiian dragon flies; and Whitmarsh (117), of Apatet- 

 icus maculiventris . 



Sanders and Fracker (91) find that the May beetles of Wis- 

 consin feed upon the roots of plants and the fragments of the 

 same; but that they will not eat moist bran nor flour paste. 

 They feed only during the heat of the day; but there is no daily 

 migration such as cut worms have. 



Watson tells us (114) that the noctuid moth, Anticarsia gem- 

 matilis, which feeds on the kudxy vine and velvet beans, forages 

 continuously both day and night, stopping only to moult. 



Essig (28) mentions a moth which feeds upon coccids. 



According to McGregor (63), the privet mite feeds upon privet, 

 Boston ivy, golden rod, palm, orange, lemon, etc. 



Davis and Satterwait's investigations (23) show that the 

 true army-worm feeds at first on its egg shells; later upon the 

 parenchyma of the corn leaf and finally upon all the tissues of 

 the leaf. 



Paddock (72) informs us that the turnip louse feeds upon 

 turnips, radishes, mustard, rape, collards, rutabagas, cabbages, 

 kale, kohl-rabi, beans and lettuce. 



