BEHAVIOR OF SPIDERS AND INSECTS OTHER THAN ANTS 407 



Tower's experiments (105) demonstrate that the parasitized 

 caterpillar of Cirphis unipuncta eats half as much as the normal 

 larva. 



Felt (30) finds that the feeding habits of the codling moth 

 vary with the season. The early brood bores deep; the later 

 keeps near the surface of the fruit. 



Sell (94) has experimentally demonstrated that the 12-spotted 

 cucumber beetle can change from an exclusive diet of one kind 

 to a different menu, without being injured. 



In 1843 Hutton 1 described the feeding habits of a large false- 

 spider which he claimed was carnivorous. The blood-sucking 

 habit is so universal among the Arachnida that J. H. Comstock 

 doubted the correctness of Hutton's statements. He writes : 2 

 " Captain Hutton states distinctly that the Galeodes observed 

 by him consumed an entire lizard except the jaws and parts 

 of the skin. Other instances in which solpugids are supposed 

 to have eaten their prey are given by Rev. J. J. Wood, in his 

 ' Natural History Illustrated,' and quoted by Murray. Still, 

 it is believed that solpugids take only liquid food, which they 

 suck from the bodies of their victims." Turner (110) has 

 demonstrated that the solpugids are carnivorous. Our Amer- 

 ican form, aided by the scissors-saw-like movements of its pow- 

 erful jaws, pulpifies and devours all parts of captured insects 

 except the chitin. Normally our form feeds only on live prey; 

 but it may be caused to eat dead insects, by artificially inducing 

 such insects to move. 



MATING BEHAVIOR 



Rohwer (89) discusses the mating of saw-flies; Somes (100), 

 of the clear- winged moths Seisia rileyana Dry. and Cassida 

 solani Boh., and Watson (114), of the noctuid moth Aniicarsia 

 gemmatilis. 



Baker (6) states that the green apple-tree aphis mates within 

 two days after reaching maturity and remains in coitu twenty- 

 five minutes. 



Hutchison's experiments (50) show that the house-fly mates 

 as early as the first day after emergence and as late as the 

 forty-seventh. 



1 Hutton, G. T. Observations on the Habits of a Large Species of Galeodes. 

 The Ann. and Mag. of Natural Hint., vol. XII, pp. 81-85. 



2 Comstock, J. II. The Spider Book, 1911, pp. 32-39. 



