BEHAVIOR OF SPIDERS AND INSECTS OTHER THAN ANTS 413 



insects with an aniline spray and a means of diffusing it out from 

 captured individuals. Parker (73) makes use of this method in 

 studying the dispersal of the house-fly in cities: 1,056 flies 

 were captured at from 50 to 3,500 yards from their breeding 

 place, thus demonstrating what wide range of territory may be 

 infested from a single infested locality. 



Although there have been some dissenting voices, the large 

 swarms of monarch butterflies and of certain dragon-flies seen 

 flying southward in the fall and northward in the spring have 

 been considered seasonal migrations; but, in the past, there has 

 been no such intensive study of insect migrations as has been 

 devoted to bird migrations. Partly as a result of observations 

 made on our Atlantic coast, partly due to extensive reading, 

 Shannon (97) concludes that dragon-flies, the monarch butter- 

 fly, the great sulphur and perhaps other insects migrate in cer- 

 tain definite routes which coincide with those followed by migrat- 

 ing birds. These routes seem to be a function of the physio- 

 graphic features of the country. In the U. S. A. he maps four 

 routes: (1) Extending along the Atlantic coast from Canada 

 to the Gulf of Mexico. (2) Extending along the northern shores 

 of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie and then down the Mississippi 

 Valley. (3) Extending along the western shore of Lake Michi- 

 gan and then down the Mississippi Valley. (4) Extending along 

 the western shore of Lake Superior and then south along the 



Great Plains. 



MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES 



Disease Spreading Activities. — Articles on the relation of in- 

 sects to the spread of diseases have appeared by Brittain (11), 

 Cummins (21), Fitzsimmons (31), Hindle (46), King (57), 

 Payne (76), Roberg (87), Studhalter (102), Townsend (106, 

 107, 108), and Zetek (120). 



Locomotion. — -Amans (3) describes the method of flight of the 

 cicadas and King (56) of the locomotion of Pterodontia flavipes. 



Parasitism. — Parasites have been discussed by Good (37), 

 Graham-Smith (3S), Packard (71), Phil and Nellie Ran (83), 

 and Weidman (115). 



Phosphorescence. — Notes on the synchronous flashing of fire- 

 flies have been published by Allard (2) and Morse (65). 



Respiration. — d'Orchymont (68) describes in detail the methods 

 of respiration of certain aquatic insects. 



