414 C. H. TURNER 



Pollination. — Nageli, Bonnier, Schroeter, Mrs. Soth and 

 others believe that there is a scarcity of insect visitors to flowers 

 above the timber line. Kenoyer's (55) studies lend themselves 

 to a different interpretation. "Selecting comparable weather and 

 excluding the honey-bee, which does not live at high altitudes, 

 it seems to me that the flowers above the timber line are as 

 much visited by insects as those of lower altitudes, and I have 

 no reason to suppose that they are less dependent for pollina- 

 tion upon their insect visitors." His view harmonizes with those 

 of Muller and L. H. Pammel. 



Temperature Effects. — Back and Pemberton (5), Phillips and 

 Demuth (78), and Pierce (80), have discussed the effects of 

 temperature upon insects. 



SLEEPING BEHAVIOR 



In the past very little attention has been paid to the sleep 

 of insects. The Raus (84), by making a careful field study of 

 the sleep of more than a hundred species have partially remedied 

 this defect in our literature. Lack of space prevents an adequate 

 consideration of the contents of the article. It is thought that 

 the following extract from their summary will prove of interest : 

 ' The sleep of an organism signifies more than a mere pause in 

 its activity while darkness covers it; while we have not in the 

 present paper touched on the physiological phenomena of their 

 sleep, we have found many interesting associations of this with 

 other activities of the insects. For instance, it is of marked 

 biological interest that a few species certainly seem to choose 

 protectively colored situations, and others select sites which are 

 in various ways protective; that some which are solitary by 

 day are gregarious by night, that some insects sleep with all the 

 regularity of a theoretical modern infant, while others of a more 

 unsystematic life snatch a wink when they can. . . . Veg- 

 etable feeders are more frequently regular sleepers, while car- 

 nivorous species are irregular. . . . The sleep of animals 

 in immature stages, the larval, pupal or even egg stage, is some- 

 thing untouched upon." 



MEMORY AND RECOGNITION 



Sell (94) states that the homing of the 12-spotted cucumber 

 beetle is not influenced by a homing instinct. 



