450 HARVEY CARR 



is based upon an innate impulse to regain home, which must be 

 supplemented by experience to achieve its end. The discussion 

 is concerned primarily with the experimental factor and the 

 factual material has been taken mainfy from the work on ants, 

 bees and wasps. 



There is no general instinct for imitation, though some imita- 

 tive acts may be termed instinctive. There is a good review of 

 the literature on imitation in the higher animals. The author 

 concludes: "That while under certain circumstances monkeys 

 may, and do, imitate, their behavior as a whole can scarcely 

 be characterized as imitative; nor does imitation appear to 

 play any important part in their learning processes." 



The final chapter is entitled The Evidence for Intelligence 

 and for Ideas. It presents a critical analysis of the main experi- 

 ments and arguments in favor of the existence of ideas and 

 images in animals and the author concludes with the following 

 statement: " Reviewing our evidence we may say that, it is 

 by no means disproved that animals are intelligent and have 

 ' ideas,' but, save possibly for the single exception of Hunter's 

 method of ' delayed reactions,' no test as yet applied, com- 

 pletely excludes the possibility that animal learning is anything 

 more than a process of association on the perceptuo-motor 

 level." 



The treatment does not pretend to be exhaustive. Techni- 

 calities and controversial questions have been omitted. The 

 work is based almost wholly on experimental data; it reflects 

 wide reading, clear analysis of the factual data and an orthodox 

 judgment as to conclusions and interpretations. This book is 

 well adapted to introduce and orient the general reader to the 

 subject, and it may well serve as a text for the more elementary 

 classes. 



