392 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



at 1,032 ft. it again becomes more silty. At the extreme base we 

 find about 1 ft. represented by dark sandy washings, evidently 

 identical with the loose gravelly base of series which occurred 

 at Dover, resting upon the Kimmeridge Clay. 



? Corallian (1,035 to 1,089 ft.). 



Beneath the Hastings Series we should naturally expect to 

 find the Kimmeridgian, but from this point the Fredville section 

 differs from that of Dover. Instead of a clay, we find the 

 Hastings Beds reposing upon a substantial mass of limestone, 

 54 ft. thick, which is provisionally referred to the Corallian. 



This bed of limestone passes from a coarse pisolite through 

 an oolitic structure, to a dense compact fine-grained calcareous 

 rock, but towards the base it resumes the oolitic texture. The 

 top part is decomposed to a depth of about a foot, forming an 

 earthy pisolite, with indurated masses of calcareous rubble, of a 

 dark grey-brown colour, but lighter in places : from 1,036 ft. it is 

 exceedingly hard; at 1,043 ft- the grain becomes finer, oolitic 

 rather than pisolitic ; a small belemnite occurred at 1,046 ft., at 

 which point it is somewhat argillaceous; at 1,048 ft. it is full of 

 shells, more or less crushed, and passes into a very hard lime- 

 stone, with a fairly even fracture, scarcely oolitic in texture and 

 blue in colour; at 1,050 ft. 6 in. it becomes rather marly, and 

 even finer in texture; about 1,059 ft- ft is pyritous, with many 

 fragments of Gryphcea and other shells. These become more 

 and more numerous as it passes (about 1,061 ft.) into a hard marl- 

 stone ; at 1 ,062 ft. we find a part of a large Ammonite, many Pectens, 

 numerous pale grey pyritous markings. About 1,063 ft. it becomes 

 once more rubbly, and by 1,065 ft- ft is coarsely oolitic and full of 

 ferruginous grains like shot; at 1,066 ft. it has become a regular 

 millet-seed iron-ore, with a big Gryphcea. By 1,077 ft- the iron-shot 

 are polished and bright coffee-coloured, just like the iron-stone 

 at Dover ; it is full of shell remains, with Astarte and belemnites, 

 mostly casts, in a brown marlstone matrix. At 1,083 ft- the shot 

 have become rarer, and at 1,088 ft. they have disappeared, but the 

 ground is pyritous and full of fossils. At 1,089 ft- we have the base 

 of this bed of limestone rock and pass into the clays. There is 

 no Coral Rag. 



Oxfordian (1,089 — 1 > 21 7 ft-)- 



This is a massive bed, 128 ft. thick, of a pale grey marly 

 clay, with a conchoidal fracture and abundant casts of fossils ; 

 Serpula {?), Pinna, Rhynchonella, Thracia, Gryphcea, Trigonia, 



