VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY IN 1908 455 



Mr. O. Peterson gives an elaborate account of the osteology of 

 the remarkable Tertiary American genus Stcnomylus, as exempli- 

 fied by St. gracilis. This memoir appeared in vol. xiv. of the 

 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



The perissodactylate section of Ungulates has received during 

 the year a specially large amount of attention at the hands 

 of palaeontologists in America. Mr. H. J. Cook (Amer. Nat., 

 vol. xlii. p. 543) has, for instance, described a new hornless 

 rhinoceros from the Nebraska Miocene; while in the Annals 

 of the Carnegie Institute Mr. E. Douglas has brought to notice 

 other members of the same group, as well as a number of 

 ancestral forms of the horse phylum from the Miocene and 

 Oligocene formations of Dakota and Montana. Mr. Walter 

 Granger has also been working on the group last mentioned, 

 and has published in the Bulletin of the American Museum 

 (vol. xxiv. p. 221) an important revision of the Eocene species ; 

 while to the August issue of the American Journal of Science 

 (vol. xxvi. pp. 51 and 163) Mr. F. W. Loomis has contributed 

 a general account of the Miocene Rhinocerotidce, and the de- 

 scription of a new species of Parahippus from the Nebraska 

 Miocene. In Europe the fossil rhinoceroses of Samos form 

 the subject of a paper by Mr. M. Weber, published at Stuttgart 

 in the Centralblatt filr Mineralogie (1907, p. 29). 



Turning to the subungulate groups, special interest attaches 

 to a paper, published in vol. xlvii. of the Proceedings of the 

 American Philosophical Society, by Mr. W. J. Sinclair on the 

 affinities of Hegctotherium and Proty pother ium, the Mid-Tertiary 

 Patagonian representatives of the later Typotherium. Attempts 

 have often been made to show that these remarkable Ungulates 

 were related either to the rodents or to the hyraxes. That the 

 presumed relationship with the former group is a case of parallel 

 development is, however, practically certain ; and the author 

 shows that no better case can be made out for the presumed 

 hyrax-affinity. In the Hyracoidia, for instance, the carpus is of 

 the linear type, with a separate centrale, while there is also a 

 remarkable step on the inner side of the astragalus for the 

 articulation of the tibial malleolus. In the Typotheria (which are 

 regarded as a sub-group of Toxodontia), on the other hand, the 

 carpus is arranged on the interlocking plan, there is no step to 

 the astragalus, and there are certain features in the skull and 

 dentition foreign to the hyraxes. This group is divided into 



