PALEOLITHIC RACES 517 



As we have already seen, it was used in all probability 

 without the intervention of a helve. At the same time, too much 

 stress should not be laid on analogy with the Tasmanian 

 implement, for that was used in a very different environment, 

 destitute of ferocious carnivora and of colossal animals like the 

 elephant. It has been urged, however, that the Chellean 

 boucher was too thick to be comfortably hafted, and that when 

 secured in its place, as we must assume by cord or animal 

 sinews, it would be almost concealed in its wrappings, and 

 present a very clumsy appearance. It would have been a deadly 

 weapon all the same. 



The finest examples of the boucher are made of flint ; with less 

 tractable material, such as quartzite, the result is extremely crude. 



The boucher is frequently found unaccompanied by other 

 implements ; this is the case at the famous locality of Chelles 

 on the banks of the Seine (Seine-et-Marne), where abundant 

 examples of the boucher occur without any admixture of other 

 forms. 1 This has led to the view that the boucher was the one 

 and only implement of Chellean man. We now know, however, 

 of several localities, notably at St. Acheul and in Belgium, where 

 other kinds of implements occur along with it : the researches 

 of M. Rutot in particular have made us familiar with Chellean 

 scrapers, chisels, and a dagger, recalling that of Strepy, but 

 dressed all over, haft as well as blade, and of superior 

 workmanship. 



Our knowledge of the Tasmanians would lead us to "expect 

 that Chellean man was in any case armed with the spear; and 

 that this was the case seems to be proved not only by the 

 occasional occurrence of hollow scrapers, but, still more to the 

 point, of flint lance-heads, from which it would appear that 

 already at this early period a distinct advance had been made on 

 the Tasmanian weapon by providing it with a more efficient 

 point. This may well have been produced in response to the 

 more rigorous demands of the environment. A still greater 

 advance is indicated by the discovery of worked flakes which 

 M. Rutot interprets as arrow heads. 2 



The Chellean implements occur most commonly in river 



1 It is doubtful whether this statement can be fully sustained.* 



2 M. Obermaier discredits both these and the lance-heads ; he states, however, 

 that hollow scrapers occur also at St. Acheul : Mitth. d. prahistorischen Kom. d. 

 K. Ak, Wiss. Wien. Bd. ii. 1908. 



